WTO將判中國(guó)原材料出口限制違規(guī)（雙語(yǔ)）

來(lái)源: 互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 編輯： 2011/07/06 16:39:36　　字體：大小

　　The World Trade Organization is set Tuesday to condemn China for limiting its exports of major raw materials, rebuffing Beijing's arguments that curbs are necessary to protect the environment, according to trade diplomats and lawyers.

　　據(jù)負(fù)責(zé)貿(mào)易事務(wù)的外交官和律師透露，世界貿(mào)易組織(WTO)準(zhǔn)備周二宣布中國(guó)限制主要原材料出口的做法違規(guī)，駁回中國(guó)政府所稱的有必要為保護(hù)環(huán)境而限制出口的說(shuō)法。

　　The decision will help steelmakers and other industrial producers, but, more importantly, will set a precedent for the U.S. and the European Union to file another complaint against China over its quotas on the export of rare-earth materials, 17 minerals used in the high-tech industry.

　　世貿(mào)組織的這一決定將有益于鋼鐵制造商和其它工業(yè)品生產(chǎn)商，但更重要的是，將為美國(guó)和歐盟投訴中國(guó)稀土材料的出口配額開(kāi)創(chuàng)先例。稀土是17種金屬元素的合稱，為高科技產(chǎn)業(yè)不可缺少的原材料。

　　The raw-materials case 'is more a political issue than a trade issue,' said Magnus Ericsson, a senior partner with Raw Materials Group, a consultancy based in Solna, Sweden.

　　Reuters在世貿(mào)組織框架下，中國(guó)現(xiàn)在可就原材料的裁決進(jìn)行上訴。上圖為去年，一名工人在山西太原的鋼鐵市場(chǎng)。位于瑞典索爾納的咨詢公司原材料集團(tuán)公司(Raw Materials Group)的高級(jí)合伙人孟瑞松(Magnus Ericsson)說(shuō)，原材料案更多的是政治問(wèn)題，而不是貿(mào)易問(wèn)題。

　　The U.S., the EU and Mexico filed their complaint on raw materials in 2009. China and the West have faced off in recent years on issues ranging from the pirating of Hollywood movies to whether the U.S. can penalize Chinese companies for receiving state subsidies.

　　美國(guó)、歐盟和墨西哥曾于2009年就中國(guó)原材料問(wèn)題向世貿(mào)組織投訴。中國(guó)和西方近年來(lái)在一系列問(wèn)題上展開(kāi)了正面交鋒，這其中既包括好萊塢的電影盜版，也包括美國(guó)能否對(duì)獲得國(guó)家補(bǔ)貼的中國(guó)企業(yè)進(jìn)行處罰等。

　　Under WTO law, China now can appeal the decision on raw materials. If it doesn't, or if it loses its appeal, it must remove its export restrictions or face retaliatory trade sanctions from the three complainants.

　　在世貿(mào)組織框架下，中國(guó)現(xiàn)在可就原材料的裁決進(jìn)行上訴。而如果不這么做或上訴失敗，中國(guó)則必須取消出口限制，或面臨來(lái)自三個(gè)投訴方的報(bào)復(fù)性貿(mào)易制裁。

　　China pledged to get rid of export controls when it joined the WTO in 2001. However, the financial crisis has increased pressure on all countries to retain as much of their raw materials as possible, and Beijing has gradually returned to clamping down on exports.

　　2001年加入世貿(mào)組織時(shí)，中國(guó)曾承諾取消出口控制。然而，金融危機(jī)讓所有國(guó)家都感受到了更大的壓力，都希望盡可能多地保留本國(guó)原材料，中國(guó)政府也逐漸恢復(fù)了對(duì)原材料出口的限制。

　　That matters. China is the No. 1 producer in the world of cadmium, gold, indium, iron ore, lime, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, phosphate, tin, tungsten and zinc.

　　中國(guó)的這種做法事關(guān)重大。中國(guó)是世界上鎘、黃金、銦、鐵礦石、石灰、鉛、錳、汞、鉬、磷、錫、鎢和鋅的最大生產(chǎn)國(guó)。

　　It has consistently cut exports of these minerals. 而中國(guó)卻在持續(xù)削減這些礦產(chǎn)的出口。

　　Chinese exports of phosphorus─used to make matches, but also herbicide and other chemicals─fell to 39,665 tons in 2010, from 102,346 tons in 2005, according to Global Trade Information Services, a Geneva-based trade company.

　　據(jù)總部設(shè)在日內(nèi)瓦的世界貿(mào)易信息服務(wù)股份公司(Global Trade Information Services)的統(tǒng)計(jì)，中國(guó)出口的磷已從2005年的102,346噸降到2010年的39,665噸。磷可用來(lái)制造火柴、除草劑和其它化學(xué)品。

　　In a letter sent to the U.S. Trade Representative's office this year, U.S. steel lobbies accused China of again cutting its export quota for bauxite to 830,000 tons in 2011, from 930,000 tons in 2010.

　　美國(guó)鋼鐵行業(yè)游說(shuō)團(tuán)體今年致信美國(guó)貿(mào)易代表辦公室，指責(zé)中國(guó)再次削減礬土出口配額，從2010年的93萬(wàn)噸下調(diào)至2011年的83萬(wàn)噸。

　　After its three trading partners complained, China invoked the WTO's Article 20, which allows its 153 members to limit exports for reasons such as environmental protection.

　　多國(guó)向中國(guó)施壓，敦促其放開(kāi)原材料出口。與此同時(shí)，日本勘探人員在太平洋海底新發(fā)現(xiàn)了大規(guī)模的稀土金屬礦藏。《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》的Alex Frangos與Andrew LaVallee對(duì)以上熱點(diǎn)話題進(jìn)行了討論。在三個(gè)貿(mào)易伙伴提出申訴之后，中國(guó)援引了WTO第20條。這一條款允許WTO的153個(gè)成員以環(huán)境保護(hù)等理由限制出口。

　　The WTO has rejected that argument, said trade diplomats and lawyers familiar with the case.

　　了解此案的貿(mào)易外交人士和律師說(shuō)，WTO駁回了這一主張。

　　The victory will pave the way for a case on rare earths, said U.S. and EU trade officials.

　　美國(guó)和歐盟貿(mào)易官員說(shuō)，這一勝利將為他們?cè)谙⊥羻?wèn)題上提起申訴鋪平道路。

　　The raw-materials case 'will considerably strengthen the position of the European Union' for a case on raw earths, EU trade commissioner Karel De Gucht said in a speech at a recent conference on raw materials in Brussels.

　　歐盟貿(mào)易專員德古特(Karel De Gucht)最近在布魯塞爾一個(gè)原材料論壇上發(fā)表講話說(shuō)，原材料案將大大增強(qiáng)歐盟在稀土問(wèn)題上提出申訴的有利地位。

　　Rare-earth minerals, which are essential to many industrial applications, have become a special problem. China has some 30% of the world's supply but is responsible for more than nine-tenths of the world's exports.

　　對(duì)于很多工業(yè)應(yīng)用都至關(guān)重要的稀土礦，已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)特殊問(wèn)題。中國(guó)占世界稀土供應(yīng)量的30%左右，但占了全世界逾九成的稀土出口。

　　Analysts such as Mr. Ericsson said that the rest of the world will soon catch up, as companies in the West reopen old mines.

　　埃里克森等分析人士說(shuō)，隨著西方企業(yè)重開(kāi)舊礦，世界其他地區(qū)將很快趕上。

　　That will take a decade or so and will eventually secure steady supplies, he said.

　　他說(shuō)，這將需要10年左右時(shí)間，最終將會(huì)形成穩(wěn)定供應(yīng)。

　　But for now Chinese rare earths 'are crucial to global supply,' he said.

　　但他說(shuō)，暫時(shí)來(lái)看，中國(guó)稀土對(duì)于全球供應(yīng)是至關(guān)重要的。

　　Meanwhile, China is gobbling up raw materials from all around the world. It now imports roughly half of all iron ore traded around the world.

　　與此同時(shí)，中國(guó)正在快速消耗全世界的原材料。目前它所進(jìn)口的鐵礦石約占全世界鐵礦石貿(mào)易總量的一半。

　　Imports of all ores, slag and ash grew to $108 billion in 2010, from $25.9 billion in 2005.

　　礦石、礦渣和礦粉進(jìn)口總額，已從2005年的259億美元增至2010年的1,080億美元。

　　The EU said that, for legal reasons, it couldn't comment on the case until after the final report was issued Tuesday.