第四部分 閱讀理解（共六篇）
第三篇
Light Night, Dark Stars
Thousands of people around the globe step outside to gaze at their night sky. On a clear night, with no clouds, moonlight, or artificial lights to block the view, people can see more than 14,000 stars in the sky, says Dennis Ward, an astronomer with the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) in Boulder, Colo1. But when people are surrounded by city lights, he says, they're lucky to see 150 stars.
If you've ever driven toward a big city at night and seen its glow from a great distance, you've witnessed light pollution. It occurs when light from streetlights, office buildings, signs, and other sources streams into space and illuminates the night sky. This haze of light makes many stars invisible to people on Earth. Even at night, big cities like New York glow from light pollution, making stargazing2 difficult.
Dust and particles of pollution from factories and industries worsen the effects of light pollution. "If one city has a lot more light pollution than another," Ward says, "that city will suffer the effects of light pollution on a much greater scale. "
Hazy skies also make it far more difficult for astronomers to do their jobs.
Cities are getting larger. Suburbs are growing in once dark, rural areas. Light from all this new development is increasingly obscuring the faint light given off by distant stars. And if scientists can't locate these objects, they can't learn more about them.
Light pollution doesn't only affect star visibility. It can harm wildlife too. It's clear that artificial light can attract animals, making them go off course3. There's increasing evidence, for example, that migrating birds use sunsets and sunrises to help find their way, says Sydney Gauthreaux Jr., a scientist at Clemson University in South Carolina. "When light occurs at night," he says, "it has a very disruptive influence. " Sometimes birds fly into lighted towers, high-rises, and cables from radio and television towers. Experts estimate that millions of birds die this way every year.
詞匯:
astronomer n. 天文學(xué)家 migrate v．遷移，遷徒
Illuminate v. 照明，照亮 disruptive adj．?dāng)_亂性的
haze n．薄霧 obscure v．使變模糊
faint adj．微弱的，暗淡的
注釋：
1. University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) : 大學(xué)大氣研究社團(tuán)，于1960年在美國(guó)科羅拉多州(Colorad0，縮寫為Col0．)的玻爾(Boulder)市成立。該社團(tuán)是一個(gè)由國(guó)內(nèi)外大學(xué)組成的非營(yíng)利性協(xié)會(huì)，致力于大氣周圍的空氣和氣候變化研究。
2. stargazing : 該詞是個(gè)合成詞，由star和gaze+in9組成，在此意為：觀望星星。
3 making them go off course: 使它們偏離飛行路線。course：路線。
練習(xí)：
1. When can people see 14,000 stars?
A) When they have a fairly good telescope.
B) When they are in a large city.
C) When the night sky is clear of clouds, moonlight and artificial lights.
D) When the night sky is without haze and fog.
2. Which of the following statements is NOT related to light pollution?
A) A haze of light is formed from artificial lights such as streetlights and building lights.
B) Lights from different sources in the city stream into space and illuminate the night sky.
C) The night sky is illuminated by the lights from big glowing cities in the night.
D) Stargazing becomes difficult because there is a layer of haze in the air.
3. Does the writer think growing cities affect astronomers' work? Why does he think so?
A) Yes. Because the once dark rural areas are polluted by lights.
B) No. Because they can still see stars in rural areas.
C) Yes. Because rural areas are not a good place for astronomers to study stars.
D) No. Because faint light given off by stars can still be seen on a clear night.
4. How does light pollution affect wildlife? Which of the following is NOT correct?
A) Animals may go off course due to the attraction of artificial lights.
B) Animals might be attracted by artificial lights to go into cities.
C) Artificial lights at night may make migrating birds lose their way.
D) Attracted by artificial lights, birds fly into lighted buildings.
5. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the title "Light Night, Dark Stars"?
A) The night sky is light colored and stars are black.
B) Lights appear at night and stars are seen in the dark.
C) City lights illuminate the night sky and make stars invisible.
D) City lights at night illuminate stars in the sky.
答案與題解：
1．C 第一段的第一句提供了答案。在沒(méi)有云，沒(méi)有月光，沒(méi)有人造光源的情況下，可以看見(jiàn)14，000顆星星。
2．D A、B、C所述內(nèi)容均可在第二段中找到。D所表達(dá)的意思不符合原文，因?yàn)閍 layer of
haze in the air的意思是“空氣中有一層薄霧”。
3．A 答案在第五段中可以找到。隨著城市規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大，曾經(jīng)黑燈瞎火的鄉(xiāng)村逐漸變成了市郊，那里的燈火使科學(xué)家無(wú)法觀測(cè)到星體發(fā)出的微弱光芒。
4．B 第六段最后三句告訴我們?nèi)嗽旃庠磿?huì)誤導(dǎo)動(dòng)物而致使它們迷路，但卻沒(méi)有說(shuō)會(huì)將它們引進(jìn)城市。
5．C 題目的意思是：城市燈火通明的夜晚使星星失去光澤。
