Listening Faults聆聽(tīng)的誤區(qū)
1. Have you ever thought of listening as something you could do right or wrong? Few people had, until recently. Now it is being proved that most of us aren't letting our ears do all they should to help us. And we are losing out in ways both large and small, which is too bad when we realize that good listening can be very valuable indeed. In fact it is surprising just how big a part our two listening ears play in our success in school, in our careers, in our relations with family and friends.
1、你是否想過(guò)聆聽(tīng)也有對(duì)錯(cuò)之分?至今，很少有人思考過(guò)這個(gè)問(wèn)題。目前已經(jīng)證明，大多數(shù)人沒(méi)能讓耳朵盡其所能來(lái)幫助我們。當(dāng)我們意識(shí)到有效的傾聽(tīng)是多么重要時(shí)，我們才知道自己在很多方面都有所損失，這真是太糟糕了。事實(shí)上，兩只耳朵在我們的學(xué)勻、工作和與家庭、朋友的關(guān)系里扮演的角色之重要，實(shí)在令人驚訝。
2. Therefore, how we listen is extremely important. Yet it has been proved that most of us are guilty of from one to nine bad listening habits.
2、因此，如何聆聽(tīng)極其重要。然而，事實(shí)證明下面提到的九個(gè)聆聽(tīng)壞習(xí)慣中或多或少都能在大多數(shù)人的身上找到。
3. Few of us want to be poor listeners or even realize that we are—until we meet up with situations which show us.
3、沒(méi)有人愿意做一個(gè)不會(huì)聽(tīng)話的人，即便就是這樣的人，本人也意識(shí)不到，除非事實(shí)明擺在眼前。
4. Take Janet, for instance.
4、以簡(jiǎn)尼特為例。
5. It came as a horrid shock to her to learn on the way to Sunday school one morning that she was to have read certain chapters in the Bible and be prepared with a little talk on them that day. And no wonder Janet was surprised. She thought she had been listening in class the week before. But apparently the words had bounced right off her ears. Why? How had she listened wrong?
5、一天早晨，在去教會(huì)的周日學(xué)校的路上，她突然記起他應(yīng)該要讀過(guò)《圣經(jīng)》中的幾個(gè)章節(jié)，并且還要準(zhǔn)備好在那天就這幾個(gè)章節(jié)作一個(gè)小小的發(fā)言，這讓她非常震驚。也難怪簡(jiǎn)尼特有此反應(yīng)。她以為一個(gè)星期前自己在課堂上認(rèn)真聽(tīng)講，但很顯然，這些話只是從她耳邊掠過(guò)。為什么?她錯(cuò)在哪里?
6. There are about nine ways of listening that net us nothing but trouble, according to Dr. Ralph Nichols of the University of Minnesota. If we recognize and try to conquer them, we can step up our listening ability by about twenty-five percent and thereby greatly increase our chances for success in our daily lives.
6、明尼蘇達(dá)州立大學(xué)的Ralph Nichols博士認(rèn)為，有9種聆聽(tīng)的情形給人們?cè)斐陕闊Ｈ绻J(rèn)識(shí)到并且努力克服它們，我們的聆聽(tīng)能力就能提高25%，從而大大增加我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪谐晒Φ臋C(jī)會(huì)。
7. Unless you are very unusual indeed, says Dr. Nichols, you must plead guilty to several of the following bad listening habits:
7、RalphNichols博士認(rèn)為，除非你非常特殊，否則的話，你一定會(huì)承認(rèn)自己有下面提到的壞習(xí)慣。
8. Daydream Listening: You can think about four times as fast as the average person speaks. So you have quite a bit of spare thinking time while waiting for the words to come in. Unconsciously, you use this time, if you are a poor listener, to let your thoughts drift elsewhere.
8、白日夢(mèng)式聆聽(tīng)：人思考的速度比平均的說(shuō)話速度快4倍。因此，在等待別人說(shuō)出下一句話時(shí)，你會(huì)有一段空余的思維時(shí)間。如果你是一個(gè)差勁的聆聽(tīng)者，你的思緒就會(huì)不知不覺(jué)地在這段時(shí)間飄走。
9. For instance, your teacher is giving you some background material on American history. Your mind is with him at first. Then other thoughts drift into that spare thinking space. Without warning, they have taken over your mind entirely…… I mustn't forget to go downtown after school for Mother. If only my bike was fixed! Maybe I can get Joe to come over Saturday and help me…… Your thoughts drift on. Suddenly, with a jolt, you hear these words: "Now we'll have a little test on what I have been explaining." Ouch!
9、比如說(shuō)，你的老師正在講述美國(guó)歷史的背景資料。起初你注意地聽(tīng)著；之后，其他的念頭就會(huì)進(jìn)入那段空余的思維時(shí)間；然后在沒(méi)有任何預(yù)兆的情況下，完全占據(jù)你的整個(gè)大腦……“一定別忘記放學(xué)后替母親進(jìn)城辦事”�！耙俏业淖孕�車修理好了該多好!，”也許能讓Joe星期六過(guò)來(lái)幫我……“你的思緒就這樣漫無(wú)目的地飄蕩，突然間，你聽(tīng)到這樣令人震驚的話：”現(xiàn)在，就我剛才講的進(jìn)行一個(gè)小測(cè)驗(yàn)�！罢嬖愀獍�！
10. So what to do to keep daydreams from filtering in? One way is to put that extra thinking time to work—on the subject. Sum up what the speaker is saying; look for major points. Pretend you are going to have to repeat his ideas. Put his words into your words. It isn't easy. It takes effort and time to learn. But the results are sure to surprise and please you.
10、那么，怎樣做才能控制“白日夢(mèng)”鉆進(jìn)來(lái)呢?一個(gè)方法是把這些多出來(lái)的思維時(shí)間用來(lái)考慮一些跟主題有關(guān)的事。例如，概括一下發(fā)言人說(shuō)的話；找出他的發(fā)言要點(diǎn)；假定你要重復(fù)他的觀點(diǎn)，將他的話用自、己的方式重新復(fù)述一遍。要做到這些并不容易，你必須付出時(shí)間和精力去學(xué)習(xí)。但是，結(jié)果肯定是出乎意料和愉快的。
11. Shut-Ear Listening: Maybe you feel you already know what the speaker is going to say. Or his subject couldn't interest you less. You turn off your ears—and who knows what you may be missing or when a little knowledge on that subject may come in mighty handy? Anyway, why take the risk?
11、充耳不聞式聆聽(tīng)：可能你覺(jué)得早已經(jīng)知道發(fā)言者將要說(shuō)什么；或者，他講的主題根本不能吸引你，因此你“關(guān)閉”了耳朵—那么，誰(shuí)知道你可能錯(cuò)過(guò)了什么?誰(shuí)又知道什么時(shí)候他講的可能會(huì)派上用場(chǎng)?不管怎樣，為什么要冒這樣的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呢?
12. "That's-What-You-Think" Listening: You have your own pet ideas on certain subjects. You don't like to hear anything which might make you question them. So when anyone begins arguing on the other side, you simply stop listening. Instead you plan what you are going to answer. Anyone who refuses too often to listen to the other side of a question risks becoming narrow-minded—an exasperating and unattractive trait in the other fellow. Is it any more becoming to you? No thanks, you say, and decide to hear the other fellow out. Maybe he is right. Maybe you are. But you can give him a better argument on your viewpoint if you hear what he says.
12、內(nèi)心排斥式聆聽(tīng)：對(duì)于某些主題你會(huì)有自己的觀點(diǎn)，就不愿意聽(tīng)到與之相左的見(jiàn)解。因此，當(dāng)別人開(kāi)始陳述與你相反看法時(shí)，你干脆不再聽(tīng)。只是思考著自己該怎樣回應(yīng)。那些經(jīng)常拒絕傾聽(tīng)對(duì)立意見(jiàn)的人往往會(huì)變得思維狹窄—這在別人眼中是一種令人惱怒和厭煩的表現(xiàn)。你現(xiàn)在還想成為這樣的人嗎?你會(huì)說(shuō)，當(dāng)然不。然后決定去認(rèn)真地聽(tīng)完別人的闡述。可能他是正確的，也可能你是正確的。但是，如果你聽(tīng)了他的觀點(diǎn)，你就可以用自己的觀點(diǎn)更好地去反駁他
13. Fake Listening: You pretend to be giving close attention. You toss in a few nods and yeses at the right moments, you hope. This is a common faulty listening habit that fools no one. Your eyes give you away, if your absent-minded answers don't. And can you think of anything more infuriating than to be given the same treatment? Also, it is extremely difficult to respond satisfactorily to words you didn't hear. Good conversations, if not friendships, have been sacrificed to this habit.
13、佯裝式聆聽(tīng)：你假裝在注意聽(tīng)；還期望自己在恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)刻能夠點(diǎn)頭附和。這種常見(jiàn)的壞的聆聽(tīng)習(xí)慣欺騙不了任何人。即使那些不著邊際的回答沒(méi)露餡，你的眼睛也會(huì)出賣你。有什么能比受到（聽(tīng)眾）這樣的對(duì)待更讓人生氣呢?而且，對(duì)自己沒(méi)有認(rèn)真聆聽(tīng)的問(wèn)題做出滿意的回答是極其困難的。這樣一個(gè)壞習(xí)慣讓你失去的可能不僅僅是交流，甚至可能是與別人的友誼。
14. Over-My-Head2 Listening: You are convinced that the subject is beyond you, so you depart, at least in spirit. You may be right. And then again you may be wrong. If you let the words enter your mind, you may be surprised to discover that they make sense. But even if they are as strange as Greek to you, you should try to listen and understand. Otherwise you may find some day that you must attempt to grasp an over-your-head idea and be totally unable even to try.
14、不知所云式聆聽(tīng)：你確信正在談?wù)摰闹黝}超過(guò)了你的理解范圍，于是你起身離開(kāi)，至少也是心猿意馬。你可能做的對(duì)；但你也可能是錯(cuò)的。如果你用心去聽(tīng)，就可能會(huì)驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)這些話很有道理。即使這些詞句像希臘語(yǔ)般晦澀難懂，你還是應(yīng)該盡力去聆聽(tīng)和理解。否則有一天你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處在這樣一種境地：必須要聽(tīng)懂某些艱深的內(nèi)容，但自己卻連基本的能力都沒(méi)有。
15. Memory Test Listening: Some people think that trying to memorize a series of facts is good listening. They are wrong. For instance, you are getting a story for your school paper on an assembly speaker. He makes a series of points. You try to memorize them. But while you are busy planting facts A, B, and C in your mind, repeating them over and over, you are losing out on facts D and E. Better to look for main ideas. You will find them more useful and easier to recall later.
15、記憶測(cè)試式聆聽(tīng)：有人認(rèn)為有效的聆聽(tīng)就是將所有的細(xì)節(jié)都記住。他們錯(cuò)了。比如，你想從某人的大會(huì)發(fā)言中為自己的論文汲取素材。他羅列了很多點(diǎn)，你努力去記住它們。當(dāng)你忙著重復(fù)一條條觀點(diǎn)，想把它們牢牢地記在腦子里時(shí)，卻恰恰忽略了其余內(nèi)容。最好的方式是抓住要點(diǎn)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它們更有用，而且更容易幫助你回憶。
16. Take-It-All-Down Listening: When you try to get too many of the speaker's words on paper, part of your mind must be concerned with your note-taking. You are unable to concentrate fully on what he is saying. You risk losing valuable points. Where note-taking is necessary—and you may be surprised to find out how often it isn't if you concentrate fully on listening—try to jot down only a memory-jogging word or two. Or put the main ideas on paper after the speaker has finished. The more complete attention you give the speaker, the easier it will be to recall his ideas later.
16、全部記錄式聆聽(tīng)：當(dāng)你奮力記錄說(shuō)話人的盡可能多的詞句時(shí)，一部分注意力必然會(huì)集中在“筆記”之上。因此，你不會(huì)全力傾聽(tīng)，就可能錯(cuò)過(guò)有價(jià)值的信息。如果你全神貫注地聽(tīng)，并不時(shí)記下一兩點(diǎn)內(nèi)容以幫助記憶，你會(huì)驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，并不是所有的東西都需要記錄，甚至可以在演講結(jié)束后再記下要點(diǎn)。對(duì)發(fā)言者的關(guān)注越多，事后就越容易回憶起他的主要觀點(diǎn)。
17. Personality Listening: You become so concerned with the way the speaker looks or how he talks that what he says fails to penetrate. Perhaps unconsciously you decide that a person who dresses or speaks like that can't have much to say. That could be a very false conclusion. Who knows what you may be missing? It's the old story: you can't judge a gift by the package. Better to judge him after you have heard him out.
17、關(guān)注個(gè)人式聆聽(tīng)：過(guò)分關(guān)注講話者的長(zhǎng)相或是他說(shuō)話的方式，那么他所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容就很難入心。也許你會(huì)下意識(shí)地認(rèn)為這樣穿著或這樣講話的人不會(huì)說(shuō)出什么有見(jiàn)地的話來(lái)。這樣的結(jié)論實(shí)屬錯(cuò)誤。誰(shuí)能知道你會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)什么?俗話說(shuō)，不要從包裝來(lái)判斷禮物的價(jià)值（人不可貌相）。最好在傾聽(tīng)完之后再作評(píng)價(jià)。
18. Half-An-Ear Listening: Often other sounds compete for your attention—and win. Your father gives you a list of errands. But his voice must compete with, say, your favorite song on the radio. Later, you find that half an ear wasn't enough. You didn't listen to your father's words closely enough to hear and remember them. You have to telephone home for a repeat performance. And you can't really blame your father for being irritated. Better to turn off the radio, shut the door on competing noises, if possible. If not, guard against your tendency to listen to distracting sounds.
18、半個(gè)耳朵式聆聽(tīng)：常常會(huì)有其他的聲音來(lái)吸引你的注意力——還占了上風(fēng)。比如，父親正在給你交待要辦的事情，他的聲音不得不與收音機(jī)里傳來(lái)的你最喜歡的歌聲相抗衡。后來(lái)你發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣“半個(gè)耳朵聽(tīng)”根本不行，因?yàn)槟銢](méi)有聽(tīng)到并記住父親的話，于是只能打電話回家再次詢問(wèn)。你實(shí)在不能責(zé)怪父親為此發(fā)火。如果可能，最好關(guān)掉收音機(jī)、關(guān)上門(mén)擋住繁雜的噪音。如果不可能，管住你自己不要被這些聲音所吸引。
19. So there are the forces—some within ourselves, some outside—that work against us in our efforts to listen. But once we learn what they are and how to fight them, we are well on our way to getting rid of wasteful listening habits.
19、所以，某些因素—既有內(nèi)在的，也有外在的——總是阻礙我們?nèi)トA聽(tīng)。然而，一旦認(rèn)識(shí)了它們并了解如何去克服，我們就一定能夠改掉這些耗時(shí)低效的壞習(xí)慣。
