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P對(duì)S的投資 | P對(duì)S的影響力 | P個(gè)別報(bào)表上確認(rèn)為 | 個(gè)別報(bào)表計(jì)量方法 | P+S合并報(bào)表 | 對(duì)外報(bào)送 |
Debt | 幾乎無(wú)影響 | Trading/AFS/HTM | Cost Method | 此投資不會(huì)導(dǎo)致合并要求。不存在合并報(bào)表 | P個(gè)別報(bào)表 |
Equity | 無(wú)重大影響 (<20%) | Trading/AFS(Cost method investment) | |||
有重大影響 (20%~50%) | Equity method investment | ||||
Equity Method | |||||
控制性影響 (>50%) | Investment in subsidiaries and VIE entities | 存在 | 合并報(bào)表 |
Criteria for classification investor intent | Classify investment as | Carry & report at | Unrealized Gain/loss in | Realized G/L in I/S |
Intend & Ability to HTM (only Debt) | HTM | Amortized cost | N/A | When period is passed, or Sub. Declared or Par. Dispose it, Par. recognize. |
Sell in near term (Debt & Equity) | Trading | FV | I/S | |
All other investment (Debt & Equity) |
AFS/Cost method investment | FV | OCI | |
Hold with significant influence (Only Equity Instrument) | Equity method investment | Net Assets of subsidiary | N/A | When Sub recognize, Par. Recognize |
Hold for control (only Equity instrument) |
Investment in Subsidiaries & VIE entities | Net Assets of subsidiary |
Equity Method and Joint Ventures
Equity Method –Significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee.
GR:20–50% of the investee‘s voting stock
SR:Not appropriate even 20%-50%(考點(diǎn)F3-14)
No representation on the Board on Directors
Bankruptcy of subsidiary
Investment in subsidiary is temporary
獨(dú)斷專(zhuān)行的企業(yè)大股東(施耐德賬面的雷士照明)
A lawsuit or complaint is filed
A standstill agreement is signed
Could not obtain necessary financial information
Initial measurement:XXX-YY-30
Original Cost = FV of the consideration given + legal fees
Dr. Investment in investee
Cr. Cash
Subsequent measurement:XXX-YY-35
Adjust for earning of investee
Dr. /Cr. Investment in investee(B/S)
Cr./Dr. Investment Income/Loss(I/S)
Investee declare dividend
Dr. Dividend Receivable(B/S)
Cr. Investment in investee(B/S)
F3-16 example
Investments in Investee Common Stock(C/S)and Preferred Stock(P/S)
按C/S對(duì)investee的influence的程度確認(rèn)計(jì)量。
Investor確認(rèn)的投資收益包含:
P/S dividends
Share of earnings available to common shareholders.
Differences between the Purchase Price and Book Value of the Investee‘s Net Assets.
Purchase Price=FV of investee
FV of investee=Identifiable assets FV + Unidentifiable assets FV
Identifiable assets FV = identifiable assets NBV + Reevaluate addition
Unidentifiable assets = Goodwill.
Purchase Price= identifiable assets NBV + identifiable asset Reevaluate addition + Goodwill. (F3-16 Pass Key)
例(F3-18 example):為購(gòu)入40%股權(quán)支出30萬(wàn)元,對(duì)應(yīng)的被投資單位PP&E賬面凈值22萬(wàn)元(還可用10年),公允價(jià)值為24萬(wàn)元,除此之外再無(wú)其他可辨認(rèn)資產(chǎn)。則NBV=22,Revaluate addition=24-22=2,Goodwill=30-22-2=6,即30=22+2+6.
Investee不調(diào)賬。賬上只有對(duì)應(yīng)的PP&E 22萬(wàn),每年折舊2.2萬(wàn)。10年后資產(chǎn)凈值為0
如果invertor不對(duì)reevaluate addition的2萬(wàn)做調(diào)整,則10年后,賬上還有可辨認(rèn)資產(chǎn)凈值2萬(wàn)。實(shí)際上,此次資產(chǎn)已無(wú)任何價(jià)值。
由上可見(jiàn),對(duì)investor而言,investee計(jì)提的折舊不足。Investor必須計(jì)提reevaluate addition的折舊0.2萬(wàn)/年=2萬(wàn)/10年
Dr. Investment income 2000
Cr. Equity method Investment 2000
Goodwill(unidentifiable assets FV) 不做攤銷(xiāo),也不單獨(dú)做減值測(cè)試。Investor必須每年至少一次對(duì)此投資做整體減值測(cè)試。
?。‵3-18 example續(xù))一年后investor賬面上的此投資凈值為[(22)+(2-0.2)+6]+3.6-1.6=31.8萬(wàn)(2.2萬(wàn)設(shè)備折舊已包含在small公司凈利潤(rùn)3.6萬(wàn)中)。經(jīng)評(píng)估small公司價(jià)值70萬(wàn),則investor整體上對(duì)small公司投資計(jì)提減值準(zhǔn)備3.8萬(wàn)元=31.8-70X40%
Unconsolidated Investment of over 50%
P公司持有S1和S2公司80%的股份。P只是暫時(shí)持有S2股份或S2由破產(chǎn)管理人管理時(shí)。則:
S1納入合并范圍,S2不納入合并范圍。
合并報(bào)表中,P針對(duì)S2的投資,以Equity method方法,將資產(chǎn)記錄在consolidated B/S-Assets-Equity method investment項(xiàng)下
合并報(bào)表中,P針對(duì)S1的投資,“BIG in car”抵銷(xiāo)后,以各類(lèi)資產(chǎn)、負(fù)債、收入、費(fèi)用的形式記錄在合并財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表中。
Comparison of cost and equity methods (F3-19)
Cost method, No significant influence,recognize revenue when investee declared the dividend.
Equity method, significant influence,recognize revenue when investee earned the income.
擴(kuò)展:Cost/Equity method收入確認(rèn)時(shí)點(diǎn)背后的邏輯
Revenue recognized when earned and realizable.
When investee recognize revenue,investor earned it.
If no significant influence,investor can not influence the timing of benefit flow in. So revenue is not realizable until declared.Thus DECLARE is recognize point for cost method.(蘋(píng)果公司連續(xù)19年未分紅)
If significant influence,investor can influence the timing of benefit flow in.So revenue is realizable immediately after investee recognize it.Thus investee recognized point is also investor recognize point.
Joint Venture accounting(與REG和實(shí)務(wù)勾稽)
Using the Equity method
A joint venture is a term often used to denote a one-shot general partnership-type relation. If Mary and John agreed to work together to provide full-menu service for JUST a single,big dinner,they might be said to have formed a joint venture. Joint ventures are governed by general partnership law.為一個(gè)具體項(xiàng)目所成立,項(xiàng)目完成后即解散的合伙企業(yè)。
Step-by-step acquisition(still not consolidate)
Change from cost method to equity method
Change in accounting principle(F1-30 III.A.)
Retrospective adjustment
Apply the new method(Equity method)to the prior period‘s old percentage(<20%)
NOT apply the new percentage to the prior period.
F3-21 Example
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