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美國(guó)CPA《財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)與報(bào)告》知識(shí)點(diǎn):權(quán)益法、合資企業(yè)

來(lái)源: 正保會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)校 編輯: 2014/07/17 10:58:24 字體:

  正保會(huì)計(jì)網(wǎng)校特別為美國(guó)cpa學(xué)員整理了美國(guó)cpa考試《財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)與報(bào)告》的內(nèi)容,以備迎接美國(guó)CPA考試,祝您在網(wǎng)校學(xué)習(xí)愉快!

P對(duì)S的投資 P對(duì)S的影響力 P個(gè)別報(bào)表上確認(rèn)為 個(gè)別報(bào)表計(jì)量方法 P+S合并報(bào)表 對(duì)外報(bào)送
Debt 幾乎無(wú)影響 Trading/AFS/HTM Cost Method 此投資不會(huì)導(dǎo)致合并要求。不存在合并報(bào)表 P個(gè)別報(bào)表
Equity 無(wú)重大影響 (<20%) Trading/AFS(Cost method investment)
有重大影響 (20%~50%) Equity method investment
Equity Method
控制性影響 (>50%) Investment in subsidiaries and VIE entities 存在 合并報(bào)表
Criteria for classification investor intent Classify investment as Carry & report at Unrealized Gain/loss in Realized G/L in I/S
Intend & Ability to HTM (only Debt) HTM Amortized cost N/A When period is passed, or Sub. Declared or Par. Dispose it, Par. recognize.
Sell in near term (Debt & Equity) Trading FV I/S
All other investment
(Debt & Equity)
AFS/Cost method investment FV OCI
Hold with significant influence (Only Equity Instrument) Equity method investment Net Assets of subsidiary N/A When Sub recognize, Par. Recognize
Hold for control
(only Equity instrument)
Investment in Subsidiaries & VIE entities Net Assets of subsidiary

  Equity Method and Joint Ventures

  Equity Method –Significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee.

  GR:20–50% of the investee‘s voting stock

  SR:Not appropriate even 20%-50%(考點(diǎn)F3-14)

  No representation on the Board on Directors

  Bankruptcy of subsidiary

  Investment in subsidiary is temporary

  獨(dú)斷專(zhuān)行的企業(yè)大股東(施耐德賬面的雷士照明)

  A lawsuit or complaint is filed

  A standstill agreement is signed

  Could not obtain necessary financial information

  Initial measurement:XXX-YY-30

  Original Cost = FV of the consideration given + legal fees

  Dr. Investment in investee

  Cr. Cash

  Subsequent measurement:XXX-YY-35

  Adjust for earning of investee

  Dr. /Cr. Investment in investee(B/S)

  Cr./Dr. Investment Income/Loss(I/S)

  Investee declare dividend

  Dr. Dividend Receivable(B/S)

  Cr. Investment in investee(B/S)

  F3-16 example

  Investments in Investee Common Stock(C/S)and Preferred Stock(P/S)

  按C/S對(duì)investee的influence的程度確認(rèn)計(jì)量。

  Investor確認(rèn)的投資收益包含:

  P/S dividends

  Share of earnings available to common shareholders.

  Differences between the Purchase Price and Book Value of the Investee‘s Net Assets.

  Purchase Price=FV of investee

  FV of investee=Identifiable assets FV + Unidentifiable assets FV

  Identifiable assets FV = identifiable assets NBV + Reevaluate addition

  Unidentifiable assets = Goodwill.

  Purchase Price= identifiable assets NBV + identifiable asset Reevaluate addition + Goodwill. (F3-16 Pass Key)

  例(F3-18 example):為購(gòu)入40%股權(quán)支出30萬(wàn)元,對(duì)應(yīng)的被投資單位PP&E賬面凈值22萬(wàn)元(還可用10年),公允價(jià)值為24萬(wàn)元,除此之外再無(wú)其他可辨認(rèn)資產(chǎn)。則NBV=22,Revaluate addition=24-22=2,Goodwill=30-22-2=6,即30=22+2+6.

  Investee不調(diào)賬。賬上只有對(duì)應(yīng)的PP&E 22萬(wàn),每年折舊2.2萬(wàn)。10年后資產(chǎn)凈值為0

  如果invertor不對(duì)reevaluate addition的2萬(wàn)做調(diào)整,則10年后,賬上還有可辨認(rèn)資產(chǎn)凈值2萬(wàn)。實(shí)際上,此次資產(chǎn)已無(wú)任何價(jià)值。

  由上可見(jiàn),對(duì)investor而言,investee計(jì)提的折舊不足。Investor必須計(jì)提reevaluate addition的折舊0.2萬(wàn)/年=2萬(wàn)/10年

  Dr. Investment income 2000

  Cr. Equity method Investment 2000

  Goodwill(unidentifiable assets FV) 不做攤銷(xiāo),也不單獨(dú)做減值測(cè)試。Investor必須每年至少一次對(duì)此投資做整體減值測(cè)試。

 ?。‵3-18 example續(xù))一年后investor賬面上的此投資凈值為[(22)+(2-0.2)+6]+3.6-1.6=31.8萬(wàn)(2.2萬(wàn)設(shè)備折舊已包含在small公司凈利潤(rùn)3.6萬(wàn)中)。經(jīng)評(píng)估small公司價(jià)值70萬(wàn),則investor整體上對(duì)small公司投資計(jì)提減值準(zhǔn)備3.8萬(wàn)元=31.8-70X40%

  Unconsolidated Investment of over 50%

  P公司持有S1和S2公司80%的股份。P只是暫時(shí)持有S2股份或S2由破產(chǎn)管理人管理時(shí)。則:

  S1納入合并范圍,S2不納入合并范圍。

  合并報(bào)表中,P針對(duì)S2的投資,以Equity method方法,將資產(chǎn)記錄在consolidated B/S-Assets-Equity method investment項(xiàng)下

  合并報(bào)表中,P針對(duì)S1的投資,“BIG in car”抵銷(xiāo)后,以各類(lèi)資產(chǎn)、負(fù)債、收入、費(fèi)用的形式記錄在合并財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表中。

  Comparison of cost and equity methods (F3-19)

  Cost method, No significant influence,recognize revenue when investee declared the dividend.

  Equity method, significant influence,recognize revenue when investee earned the income.

  擴(kuò)展:Cost/Equity method收入確認(rèn)時(shí)點(diǎn)背后的邏輯

  Revenue recognized when earned and realizable.

  When investee recognize revenue,investor earned it.

  If no significant influence,investor can not influence the timing of benefit flow in. So revenue is not realizable until declared.Thus DECLARE is recognize point for cost method.(蘋(píng)果公司連續(xù)19年未分紅)

  If significant influence,investor can influence the timing of benefit flow in.So revenue is realizable immediately after investee recognize it.Thus investee recognized point is also investor recognize point.

  Joint Venture accounting(與REG和實(shí)務(wù)勾稽)

  Using the Equity method

  A joint venture is a term often used to denote a one-shot general partnership-type relation. If Mary and John agreed to work together to provide full-menu service for JUST a single,big dinner,they might be said to have formed a joint venture. Joint ventures are governed by general partnership law.為一個(gè)具體項(xiàng)目所成立,項(xiàng)目完成后即解散的合伙企業(yè)。

  Step-by-step acquisition(still not consolidate)

  Change from cost method to equity method

  Change in accounting principle(F1-30 III.A.)

  Retrospective adjustment

  Apply the new method(Equity method)to the prior period‘s old percentage(<20%)

  NOT apply the new percentage to the prior period.

  F3-21 Example

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