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基本風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和特定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
Fundamental and particular risks
Fundamental risks are those which arise from causes outside tile control of any one individual or even a group of individuals. In addition， the effect of fundamental risks is felt by large numbers of people. This classification would include earthquakes， floods， famine， volcanoes and other natural “disasters”。 However it would not be accurate to limit fundamental risk to naturally occurring perils. Social change， political intervention and war are all capable of being interpreted as fundamental risks.
In contrast to this form of risk， which is impersonal in origin and widespread in effect， we have particular risks. Particular risks are much more personal both in their cause and effect. This would include many of the risks we have already mentioned such as fire， theft， work related injury and motor accidents. All of these risks arise from individual causes and affect individuals in their consequences.
基本風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和特定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
基本風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是指那些由超出個(gè)人甚至是群體的原因引起的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。而且很多人都能感受到基本風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的影響。這類(lèi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)包括地震、水災(zāi)、饑荒、火山及其他自然災(zāi)難。然而，把基本風(fēng)險(xiǎn)局限于自然危險(xiǎn)是不準(zhǔn)確的。社會(huì)變革，政治干涉和戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)都可以被認(rèn)為是基本風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
與這種非人為而有廣泛影響的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相對(duì)的，我們說(shuō)是特定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。特定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在起因和影響兩方面都更加與人相關(guān)。它包括我們已經(jīng)提到過(guò)的很多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，例如火災(zāi)、偷竊、工傷以及車(chē)禍。所以這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)由個(gè)人引起并且最終影響到個(gè)人。
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