China ordered banks to hold more of their deposits on reserve with the central bank on Friday in a move aimed at reducing the amount they can lend and tackling stubbornly high inflation in the country.

　　中國(guó)央行(PBoC)周五晚間宣布，將上調(diào)銀行存款準(zhǔn)備金率。此舉旨在減少各銀行可用以放貸的資金總量，以應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)高居不下的通脹。

　　The central bank raised the required deposit reserve ratio by 0.5 percentage points for all Chinese banks, effective from January 20, bringing the publicly announced ratio to 19 per cent for the country’s main lenders.

　　中國(guó)央行宣布，自1月20日起，將中國(guó)所有銀行的存款準(zhǔn)備金率上調(diào)0.5個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。屆時(shí)，中國(guó)大型金融機(jī)構(gòu)的官方準(zhǔn)備金率將升至19%。

　　The requirement was already at its highest level since reserve requirements were introduced in the mid-1980s after the central bank raised the ratio six times last year.

　　去年，中國(guó)央行共6次上調(diào)準(zhǔn)備金率，目前銀行存款準(zhǔn)備金率已達(dá)到上世紀(jì)80年代中期該比率施行以來(lái)的最高水平。

　　Headline annual consumer price inflation hit a 28-month high of 5.1 per cent in November and, despite some expectations that price rises moderated in December, underlying inflationary pressure in the economy remains strong.

　　去年11月，中國(guó)居民消費(fèi)價(jià)格同比上漲5.1%，創(chuàng)下28個(gè)月新高。盡管一些人預(yù)計(jì)12月份通脹將有所緩和，但中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)仍面臨強(qiáng)大的潛在通脹壓力。

　　The government has made fighting inflation a key task for this year amid concern rapid price increases could lead to social unrest, as they have on numerous occasions in China’s recent history.

　　由于擔(dān)心物價(jià)快速上漲可能會(huì)引發(fā)社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩，中國(guó)政府已將抗擊通脹當(dāng)作今年的一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵任務(wù)——中國(guó)近代史上曾多次出現(xiàn)通脹引發(fā)社會(huì)動(dòng)蕩的情況。

　　Food prices disproportionately affect poorer citizens, who spend a bigger portion of their income on daily necessities and they have been the main driver of inflation, rising 11.7 per cent from a year earlier in November, according to official figures.

　　由于窮人生活必需品開(kāi)支占收入的比例更高，食品價(jià)格上漲對(duì)窮人的影響尤為嚴(yán)重——食品價(jià)格也一直是推動(dòng)通脹的主要因素。官方數(shù)據(jù)顯示，去年11月，中國(guó)食品價(jià)格同比上漲11.7%。

　　China will celebrate the Chinese New Year in early February and inflation usually accelerates in the weeks leading up to the festival as citizens rush to buy delicacies and gifts for the family holiday.

　　中國(guó)將在2月初迎來(lái)農(nóng)歷新年，在春節(jié)前幾周，由于民眾爭(zhēng)相為這個(gè)闔家團(tuán)圓的節(jié)日采購(gòu)美食和禮物，通脹往往會(huì)提速。

　　A senior official from the National Development and Reform Commission, China’s powerful state planning agency, on Thursday signalled Beijing’s willingness to impose fresh price controls if inflation did not moderate in the coming months.

　　中國(guó)權(quán)勢(shì)很大的國(guó)家規(guī)劃?rùn)C(jī)構(gòu)——發(fā)改委(NDRC)——的一位高級(jí)官員周四發(fā)出信號(hào)，稱(chēng)如果未來(lái)幾個(gè)月通脹仍得不到緩解，中國(guó)政府將出臺(tái)新的價(jià)格管控措施。

　　Zhou Wangjun, vice-director of the NDRC pricing section, said Beijing would likely announce new policies to combat inflation if prices accelerated in the first quarter.

　　發(fā)改委價(jià)格司副司長(zhǎng)周望軍表示，如果今年一季度物價(jià)水平出現(xiàn)較大幅度的上升，中國(guó)將考慮出臺(tái)進(jìn)一步的調(diào)控措施以應(yīng)對(duì)通脹。

　　As well as raising the reserve requirement six times last year, Beijing also lifted benchmark interest rates twice, in October and on Christmas day.

　　去年，中國(guó)政府除了6次上調(diào)存款準(zhǔn)備金率以外，還分別在10月份和圣誕節(jié)當(dāng)日兩次上調(diào)了基準(zhǔn)利率。

　　Chinese banks lent Rmb9,600bn in 2009, more than double the amount of new loans extended the previous year, and the full-year total for 2010 was roughly the same when off-balance sheet lending was considered, analysts say.

　　2009年，中國(guó)各銀行共發(fā)放貸款9.6萬(wàn)億元人民幣，新增貸款總額較上年增加了一倍以上。分析師表示，若計(jì)入表外貸款，中國(guó)2010年全年放貸總額與上年基本持平。

　　With the economy already flush with liquidity, Chinese banks lent around Rmb500bn in just the first week of January, more than the Rmb480.7bn total new lending for all of December, according to Chinese media reports.

　　據(jù)中國(guó)官方媒體報(bào)道，盡管中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)已出現(xiàn)流動(dòng)性過(guò)剩，但僅在今年的第一周，中國(guó)各銀行就發(fā)放了約5000億元人民幣貸款，高于去年12月全月4807億元人民幣的新增貸款總額。

　　The scramble to extend credit at the start of the year is an annual event in China thanks to a system of loan quotas that encourage banks to postpone loans from the final months of the previous year and book them all in the first quarter.

　　由于中國(guó)的貸款額度制度鼓勵(lì)銀行在上年最后幾個(gè)月推遲放貸，而積攢到來(lái)年第一季度再發(fā)放，各銀行在新年伊始爭(zhēng)相放貸，是中國(guó)年年上演的一幕。

　　“Today’s announcement [of the reserve rate hike] will be seen in part as a response to the rapid lending reported in the first week of January,” said Mark Williams, senior China economist at Capital Economics.

　　資本經(jīng)濟(jì)(Capital Economics)中國(guó)問(wèn)題高級(jí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家馬克•威廉姆斯(Mark Williams)表示：“今天宣布（上調(diào)存款準(zhǔn)備金率），在某種程度上將被視為政府對(duì)銀行在新年第一周迅速放貸的一種回應(yīng)。”