很多在華外資銀行讓人得以一窺其財務(wù)業(yè)績，這還是有史以來第一次。不過它們的成績并不是很好看。

　　據(jù)新發(fā)布的報告，它們?nèi)ツ暝谥袊袌鋈〉玫睦麧櫞蠓禄?，而中資同行的利潤卻實現(xiàn)了雙位數(shù)增長。很多外資銀行把中國視為實現(xiàn)自身增長的推動器，但其成績說明，它們在這個市場的開拓之路還面臨著不少挑戰(zhàn)。

　　Bloomberg這是匯豐銀行在中國的第100個分行，位于上海。外資銀行一般都沒有報告過它們在華業(yè)務(wù)的業(yè)績，新數(shù)據(jù)是由各行過去幾個月用中文發(fā)布的，沒有正式通告，多數(shù)情況下都是因為中國的銀行業(yè)監(jiān)管機構(gòu)在7月份發(fā)布通知，要求它們更加嚴格地遵守信息披露規(guī)則。

　　畢馬威（KPMG）會計師事務(wù)所的分析師在最近的一份報告中對這些數(shù)據(jù)進行了編輯整理。

　　根據(jù)這份報告，匯豐控股（HSBC Holdings PLC）中國子公司去年的稅后利潤為人民幣7.18億元（合1.065億美元），較2008年下降60%.匯豐是中國最大的外資銀行，網(wǎng)點超過100家。渣打銀行（Standard Chartered PLC）的中國子公司報告利潤4.23億元，下降34%，摩根大通（J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.）子公司利潤為6，600萬元，下降21%.

　　這些公開數(shù)據(jù)只適用于各行的中國分支機構(gòu)，不包括投資中資銀行取得的收益、幫助中資企業(yè)海外上市獲得的承銷費等項目。

　　花旗集團（Citigroup Inc.）等少數(shù)在中國擁有分支機構(gòu)的外資銀行沒有公開發(fā)表相關(guān)報告。

　　長期以來，外資銀行在中國擴大業(yè)務(wù)都難以取得規(guī)模，因為監(jiān)管層限制了它們的本地機構(gòu)可以在多大程度上利用海外母公司的資源。

　　這些限制措施有助于中國銀行業(yè)監(jiān)管機構(gòu)隔離中國的金融系統(tǒng)，使之免受金融危機的影響，但它也把外資銀行局限在金融行業(yè)的邊緣位置，而在此同時，中資銀行按某些指標來看卻已經(jīng)躋身世界前列。

　　去年其他市場的銀行業(yè)利潤同樣大幅下降。但在中國2009年增長8.7%、成為全世界少有的幾個亮點之一的情況下，在華外資銀行卻未能利用中國活躍的經(jīng)濟增長獲利，這跟本地競爭對手強勁得多的業(yè)績形成了鮮明的對比。

　　按資產(chǎn)規(guī)模計算，中國工商銀行（Industrial & Commercial Bank of China Ltd.）是中國最大的銀行，去年它錄得凈利潤1，286.5億元，增長16%.中國建設(shè)銀行（Construction Bank Corp.）利潤為1，067.6億元，增長15%.

　　在很大程度上，外資銀行利潤下滑源于貸款收入的減少，因為貸款利率和存款利率的利差收窄。中資銀行憑借貸款規(guī)模的大幅增長彌補了利差的下降，2009年新增貸款較上年增加了一倍左右。

　　外資銀行的借貸更趨放緩，部分原因來自其海外總部的壓力。很多情況下，這就意味著將客戶拱手讓給更愿意放貸的中國銀行。

　　外資銀行說2009年不景氣的數(shù)字并未打擊他們對中國的興趣。

　　匯豐銀行（中國）發(fā)言人承認，2009年是充滿挑戰(zhàn)的一年，在很大程度上是因為低利率，但他說匯豐仍繼續(xù)在中國投資，并且中國仍然是匯豐“新興市場戰(zhàn)略”的中心。

　　渣打銀行（Standard Chartered）中國分部首席財務(wù)長菲爾德（Joanna Fielding）說，凈息差縮小對渣打的業(yè)績造成了不良影響，中國出口的減弱也是一個原因，但是盡管困難重重，我們將繼續(xù)把眼光放向更長遠的未來。

　　由于全球金融危機已經(jīng)有所緩解，銀行在中國的表現(xiàn)可能在今年有所好轉(zhuǎn)，但是可能回不到2008年的水平。

　　中國正要求外資銀行的中國分支到明年年底將存貸比降至75%，從而將對他們的要求與本地銀行保持一致。

　　存貸比限制對本地銀行來說不算很大的約束，因為據(jù)去年的新增信貸數(shù)據(jù)顯示，他們擁有巨大的存款基數(shù)。

　　畢馬威會計事務(wù)所的報告顯示，但是外資銀行在中國擁有的國內(nèi)存款仍然十分貧乏，部分原因是建立零售網(wǎng)絡(luò)所需的許可證的審核速度太慢，并且很多銀行的存貸比在去年年底超過了150%.這將對他們今年擴大貸款造成困難。

　　7月，中國銀監(jiān)會要求包括在中國注冊的外資銀行在內(nèi)的所有商業(yè)銀行將年度業(yè)績公布在各自的網(wǎng)站上。

　　銀監(jiān)會的文件指出外資銀行對法規(guī)的履行率很低，并要求他們立即改變這種狀況。

　　畢馬威的報告涉及到25家外資銀行的中國分支，其中大部分數(shù)據(jù)都公布在各銀行網(wǎng)站上，但很多時候這些數(shù)據(jù)很難找到。部分銀行直接將數(shù)據(jù)交給了畢馬威，還未將其公布在網(wǎng)站上。

　　In China， Foreign Banks Lag In Profits For the first time， many foreign banks in China are offering a peek at their financial performance there， and the picture isn't pretty.

　　Their earnings in China plunged last year， even as their Chinese counterparts posted double-digit gains， according to new reports， illustrating the challenges foreign lenders face making inroads in a market many of them have targeted as a driver of growth.

　　Foreign banks typically haven't reported results for their Chinese operations. The new figures were published by the banks in Chinese， without announcement， over the past several months， in most cases after China's banking regulator circulated a notice in July demanding they abide more strictly by disclosure rules.

　　The numbers were compiled by analysts at accounting firm KPMG in a recent report.

　　According to the report， profit after taxes at the Chinese unit of HSBC Holdings PLC， the largest foreign bank in China with more than 100 outlets， fell 60% last year from 2008 to 718 million yuan （$106.5 million）。 Standard Chartered PLC's China unit reported a decline in profit of 34%， to 423 million yuan， and profit at J.P. Morgan Chase & Co.'s unit fell 21% to 66 million yuan.

　　The published numbers apply only to the banks' Chinese subsidiaries and don't include items such as gains on investments in Chinese lenders or underwriting fees for overseas offerings by Chinese companies.

　　A few major overseas banks with local units， including Citigroup Inc.， haven't publicly issued their reports.

　　Foreign banks have long struggled to build business of any scale in China， with regulators limiting the degree that their local operations can rely on resources from overseas parents.

　　Those restrictions helped China's banking regulator insulate the country's financial system from the fallout of the financial crisis， but it has also confined foreign banks to a marginal role in the financial sector， even as China's local banks have grown to rank among the largest banks in the world by some measures.

　　Bank profits fell sharply in other markets， too， last year. But the failure of foreign banks in China to profit from the country's robust economic growth， which at 8.7% in 2009 was one of the few bright spots in the global economy， contrasts with much stronger performance by local rivals.

　　Industrial & Commercial Bank of China Ltd.， China's biggest lender by assets， reported an increase in net profit of 16% last year to 128.65 billion yuan. China Construction Bank Corp.'s profit rose 15% to 106.76 billion yuan.

　　In large part， the drop in foreign-bank profits was led by a decline in income on loans as the gap between lending and deposit rates narrowed. China's banks compensated for the drop with a huge increase in volume， roughly doubling the amount of new loans issued in 2009 from a year earlier.

　　Foreign banks lent more slowly， in part because of pressure from their overseas headquarters. In many cases， this meant losing clients to Chinese banks more willing to lend.

　　Foreign banks said the weak numbers for 2009 aren't deterring their interest in China.

　　An HSBC China spokesman acknowledged that 2009 was a 'challenging year，' in large part because of low interest rates， but said that it has continued to invest in the country and that China remains 'at the center of HSBC's emerging-markets strategy.'

　　Joanna Fielding， chief financial officer at Standard Chartered's China unit， said narrower net-interest margins took their toll on the bank's bottom line last year， as did the weakening of China's exports， but 'despite these challenges， we continue to build for the longer term.'

　　Bank performance in China is likely to recover somewhat this year， as the effects of the global financial crisis have eased， but they may not return to 2008 levels.

　　China is requiring local units of foreign banks to reduce their ratio of loans to deposits to 75% by the end of next year， bringing them in line with the requirement for local lenders.

　　The cap isn't much of a constraint on local banks， thanks to their huge deposit bases， as last year's expansion of credit shows.

　　But foreign banks still have fairly anemic domestic deposits in China， in part because of the slow pace of approval for licenses needed to build retail networks， and many of them had loan-to-deposit ratios above 150% at the end of last year， according to KPMG's report. That will make it difficult for them to expand lending this year.

　　In July， the China Banking Regulatory Commission ordered all commercial banks， including locally incorporated foreign banks， to post their annual results for a given year on their websites.

　　The regulator's document complained about the low rate of compliance among foreign banks and called on them to remedy the situation immediately.

　　Much of the data in the KPMG report， which covers the local units of 25 foreign banks， is publicly available on the banks' websites， but in many cases the numbers are difficult to locate. Some banks that haven't yet posted the data publicly gave their numbers directly to KPMG.