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Computer Mouse

　　The basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive. Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting1，drawing，and even scrolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel. Most of us use the computer mouse dailywithout stopping to think2 how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at things before we learn to speak，so the mouse is a very natural pointingdevice. Qther computer pointing devices include light pens，graphics tablets and touch screens，but the mouse is still our workhorse.

　　The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University. As computer screens became more popular and arrow keys were used to move around a body of text，it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful. The introduction of the mouse，with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983，really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks.3

　　How does the mouse work? We have to start at the bottom，so think upside down for now. It all starts with the mouse ball. As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad，it presses against and turns two shafts. The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them. The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices called light-emitting diodes (LED) mounted on either side4. One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side. As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by，the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side. But a moment later the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place. The LED detects a changing pattern of light，converts the pattern into an electronic signal，and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out of the mouse body. This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name. The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the cursor on the computer screen.

　　So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used.5One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up dirt. Eventually you have to clean your mouse. The newer optical mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts.

　　詞匯：

　　scroll / skr?ul/ v.(在顯示屏上)上下移動文本pad /pæd/ n. 墊板

　　mouse pad 鼠標(biāo)墊板graphics/'græfiks/ n. 圖形，圖表

　　tablet /'tæblit/ n. 書寫板graphics tablet 圖形書寫板

　　workhorse /'w?:kh?:s/ n. 重負(fù)荷工作部件shaft /?a:ft / n. 軸，桿狀物

　　emit /i'mit/v. 射出diode /'dai?ud/ n. 二極管

　　cursor /'k ：S r/ n. 光標(biāo) optical /' ptikl / adj. 光學(xué)的

　　注釋：

　　1. copying and pasting： 復(fù)制和粘貼

　　2. without stopping to think： 沒有停下來想一下。“stop+動詞不定式”是“停下來去做某件事”，“stop+動名詞”是“停止做某件事”。例如： We stopped to rest for a while. 我們停下來休息一會兒。He stopped smoking. 他停止抽煙。

　　3. ……started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks. 使廣大計算機(jī)用戶開始踏上一條依賴鼠標(biāo)完成常規(guī)計算機(jī)工作的道路。computer public： 廣大計算機(jī)用戶。road to 中的to是介詞，所以后接動名詞relying.

　　4. mounted on either side = mounted on both sides

　　5. So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used. 到目前為止，我們只限于討論大多數(shù)人應(yīng)該擁有或用過的基本型的計算機(jī)鼠標(biāo)。

　　練習(xí)：

　　1. Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　2. According to the author，general computer users need not to know how the computer mouse was invented.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　3. The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes out its body，which looks like the tail of a mouse.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　4. The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　5. When an ordinary computer mouse gefs dirty，it has to be replaced with a new one.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　6. The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　7. The optical mouse is superior to the basic one in that the former has no moving parts.

　　A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

　　答案與題解：

　　1. B 題句的意思是大多數(shù)計算機(jī)使用者都想了解鼠標(biāo)的工作原理。這與短文的介紹不符。短文第一段第三句說，大多數(shù)計算機(jī)使用者天天用計算機(jī)，卻沒有想到要了解一下鼠標(biāo)的工作原理。題句的信息是錯誤的，故答案為B.

　　2. C 題句表達(dá)的意思是，短文作者認(rèn)為一般計算機(jī)使用者無須了解鼠標(biāo)是如何發(fā)明的。題句表達(dá)的內(nèi)容短文中找不到，故答案為C.

　　3. A 題句說鼠標(biāo)的名稱源自鼠標(biāo)主體拖出的一根看上去像鼠尾巴的電線，這與短文第三段倒數(shù)第二句、第三句所介紹的信息相符，所以，本題選項A是正確答案。

　　4. A短文的第三段說到，鼠標(biāo)的部件有滾動部件如滾球，還有光電裝置如二極管等。二極管將光信號轉(zhuǎn)換為電信號，傳送到計算機(jī)，計算機(jī)根據(jù)收到的電信號作出相應(yīng)的反應(yīng)，因此，二極管是鼠標(biāo)的主要部件，而滾輪等只是輔助性的機(jī)械部件。題句對短文信息的推斷是正確的，故答案為A.

　　5. B 題句說鼠標(biāo)臟了，就得更換新的。這一說法與短文包含的信息不符。第一段第三句和末段倒數(shù)第二句都提到，鼠標(biāo)臟了，可以擦干凈再用。題句的信息是錯誤的，故答案為B.

　　6. C題句說，當(dāng)前市場上出售的最耐用的鼠標(biāo)是IBM生產(chǎn)的鼠標(biāo)。這一說法短文中找不到，故答案為C.

　　7. A末段說到光電鼠標(biāo)因為沒有普通鼠標(biāo)使用的滾動部件，所以不會吸附灰塵，用不著擦拭，這是一種新型的鼠標(biāo)。題句是對短文信息的一種合理推斷，所以選項A是正確的。