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How We Form First lmpression

　　1 We all have first impression Of someone we just met. But why? Why do we form an opinion about Someone without really knowing anything about him or her -aside perhaps from a few remarks or readily observable traits.

　　2 The answer is related to how your brain allows you to be aware of the world. Your brain is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a person's eyes，ears，nose，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as differene1.In fact，your brain continuously process incoming sensory information- the sights and sounds of your world. These incoming "signals" are compared against2 a host of "memories" stored in the brain areas called the cortex system to determine what these new signals " mean" .

　　3 If you see someone you know and like at school3，your brain says "familiar and safe. " If you see someone new，it says，"new-potentially，threatening". Then your brain starts to match features of this stranger with other " known" memories. The height ，weight，dress ，ethnicity ， gestures ，and tone of voice are all matched up. The more unfamiliar the characteristics ，the more your brain may say，This is new. I don't like this person". Or else，"I'm intrigued" . Or your

　　brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes，ethnicity，gestures-like your other friends;

　　so your brain says： "I like this person" . But these preliminary "impressions" can be dead wrong4

　　4 When we stereotype people，we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather than learn about the depth and breadth of people-their history，interest，values，strengths，and true character - we categorize them as jocks，geeks，or freaks.

　　5 However，if we resist initial stereotypical impressions，we have a chance to be aware of what a person is truly like. If we spend time with a person，hear about his or her life，hopes，dreams，and become aware of the person's character，we use a different，more mature style of thinking- and the most complex areas of our cortex，which allow us to be humane.

　　詞匯：

　　trait /trei，treit/n. 特點(diǎn)，特征，特性 host/h?ust/ n. 一大群，許多

　　simplistic /sim'plistik/ adj. 過分單純化的 sensory/'sens?ri/ adj. 感官的，感覺的

　　categorical /k?ti'g?rikl/ adj. 絕對的 cortex /'k?：teks/ n. 腦皮層

　　jock /d??k/ n. 騙子 ethnicity /eθ'nis?ti/ n. 種族特點(diǎn)

　　geek /gi：k / n. 反常的人 intrigue /in'tri：g/ v. 激起興趣

　　stereotype /'steri?taip/ v. 對……產(chǎn)生成見 freak /fri：k/ n. 怪人

　　humane /hju：'mein，hju-/ adj. 有人情味的，人文的

　　注釋：

　　1. Your

　　rain，is so sensitive in picking up facial traits，even very minor difference in how a person's eyes ，ears ，nose ，or mouth are placed in relation to each other makes you see him or her as different. 從 even 開始到 as different 是個(gè)結(jié)果狀語從句，相當(dāng)于that even very minor ... ，而 that 是與主句中的 so 呼應(yīng)的。

　　2. against：和……對比

　　3. If you see someone you know，and like school ... ：如果你在學(xué)校里看到某個(gè)你認(rèn)識(shí)而且喜歡的人……，like在這里是動(dòng)詞。

　　4. dead wrong： 相當(dāng)于completely wrong dead wrong是口語表達(dá)用語。

　　練習(xí)：

　　1. Paragraph 2_____

　　2. Paragraph 3_____

　　3. Paragraph 4_____

　　4. Paragraph 5_____

　　A Ways Of Departure from Immature and Simplistic Impressions

　　B Comment on First Impression

　　C Illustration Of First Impression

　　D Comparing Incoming Sensory Information Against Memories

　　E Threatening Aspect of First Impressions

　　F Differences Among Jocks，Geeks and Freaks

　　5. Sensory information is one that is perceived through_____.

　　6. You interpret _____ by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.

　　7. The way we stereotype people is a less mature form of thinking，which is similar to_____.

　　8. We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to_____.

　　A a stranger's less mature type of thinking

　　B the most complex areas of our cortex

　　C the immature form of thinking of a very young child

　　D the meaning of incoming sensory information

　　E the sights and sounds of the world

　　F an opportunity to analyze different forms of thinking

　　答案與題解：

　　1. D 本段敘述的是人腦解讀感官信息的過程。

　　2. C 本段舉例說明第一印象解讀的過程，將第二段敘述的內(nèi)容具體化。

　　3. B 本段對第一印象進(jìn)行了評論，說第一印象不成熟，simplistic and categorical。

　　4. A 本段說如果我們與某個(gè)人多接觸，了解他的生活、希望、夢想和性格特征，我們對該人的認(rèn)識(shí)就不會(huì)停留在第一印象的階段，而是進(jìn)入一個(gè)更深的層次。

　　5. E 選 E 的依據(jù)在第二段的第三句。

　　6. D 選 D 的依據(jù)在第二段的最后兩句。sensory information 的意思就是information perceived through sensory organs (視覺、聽覺、味覺、觸覺、嗅覺等)。

　　7. C 選 C 的依據(jù)在第四段的第一句，該句是：When we stereotype people，we use a less mature form of thinking (not unlike the immature thinking of a very young child) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others.

　　8. B 選 B 的依據(jù)在第五段第二句。