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USCPA-FAR高頻考點:現(xiàn)金流 cash flow

來源: 正保會計網(wǎng)校 編輯: 2018/11/29 21:05:38 字體:

2018年USCPA考試Q4考季馬上結束了,為幫助廣大學員全力沖刺備考接下來的考試,正保會計網(wǎng)校USCPA教學團隊特別為學員總結了《財務會計與報告 FAR》的??贾R點:現(xiàn)金流——cash flow。祝您在網(wǎng)校學習愉快!考試順利!

USCPA-FAR高頻考點:現(xiàn)金流 cash flow

Module 2:Statement of Cash Flows(I)

1. Presentation requirements

● FS must includes Statements of CFs

● Provides information of cash receipts from and cash disbursements to by each activities

● Information of material noncash events also presents

● US. GAAP does not require disclosing cash flow per share

● IFRS does not prohibit presentation of cash flow per share

2. Cash and cash equivalents

● Cash: actual cash (i.e., currency, demand deposits)

● Cash equivalents: short-term liquid investment

● Readily convertible into certain amounts of cash

● So near maturity that the risk of changes in the value because of interest rate changes is insignificant.

e.g. treasury bills;

< 90 days original maturity period high liquid investments

Note: Bank overdraft is not cash under US. GAAP, but can be included in cash under IFRS.

要點一:

現(xiàn)金等價物:

- 高流動性,可快速變現(xiàn)(充分流通的市場)短期票據(jù)/投資

- 原始到期日(變現(xiàn)期限)小于90天

- 現(xiàn)金價值金額固定或幾乎無價值變動風險

- 公司對現(xiàn)金等價物有明確會計政策,并在FS中充分披露

3. Cash flow statement (CFs)

Statement of CF reconcile cash & cash equivalents from beginning balance to ending balance

Composed by:

● Operating cash flows (CFO), from transactions reported on the I/S, and current assets and current liabilities.

● Investing cash flows (CFI), from noncurrent assets.

● Financing cash flows (CFF), from debt (non-current liabilities) and equity.

● Cash and cash equivalent beginning balance + CFO + CFI + CFF (net increase/decrease in cash)

= cash and cash equivalent ending balance

● Methods of Edit CFO

&ndash; The direct method (encourage)

&ndash; The indirect method

Direct / Indirect method only different on CFO

The CFI & CFF are the same.

4. Direct method

Convert each major item on I/S into cashable ones

● Present major classes of CFO

e.g. cash received from customer, cash paid to suppliers and employees

● Noncash items do not appear

e.g. Depreciation, amortization, depletion, equity method income

Reconciliation of NI to CFO is required as a separate schedule under U.S. GAAP.

要點二:

Major CFO items calculation

公式:各項損益表經(jīng)營性項目+/- 資產負債表項目變化

1) Cash received from customers

= Revenue &hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;Accrual basis

&ndash; Receivable increase

+ Receivable decrease

+ Increase in unearned revenue

&ndash; Decrease in unearned revenue

2) Cash paid to suppliers

= Cost of goods sold&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;Accrual basis

+ Inventory increase

- Inventory decrease

- AP increase

+ AP decrease

3) Cash paid to employees

= Salaries and wages payable&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;Accrual basis

- Wages payable increase

+ Wages payable decrease

4) Other operating cash payments

= Other operating expenses&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;&hellip;Accrual basis

+ Prepaid expense increase

- Prepaid expense decrease

+ Accrued liabilities decrease

- Accrued liabilities increase

Module 2:Statement of Cash Flows(II)

5. Indirect method

■ 5-1 CFO

美國CPA 財務會計與報告 現(xiàn)金流 cash flow uscpa far

● Debit balance accounts:

AR, Inventory, Prepaid expense, DTA

● Credit balance accounts :

AP, accrued expense, unearned revenue, DTL

● Non cash expense :

Depreciation , amortization, depletion, allowance/ provision,goodwill impairment

● Non cash income:

Income by payment of property, service, securities, COD.

● None operating Gain/Loss

Remove and analyze actual net receipt from CFO to CFI

e.g. Gain/loss from sales of PP&E or land, should be removed from NI, instead report in CFI the full proceeds received from sales of PP&E or land.

Undistributed earned on entity investment, removed from NI. Report actual dividends received in CFO.

要點三 經(jīng)營凈現(xiàn)金流間接法計算

● 凈利潤為起點,調整非現(xiàn)金收支和非經(jīng)營項目

● 非現(xiàn)金收入主要考慮非現(xiàn)金對價的收入, 如對價為實物資產,股權,證券,COD 等

● 非現(xiàn)金支出主要考慮:1)折舊攤銷等為滿足匹配原則的長期成本回收項目2)為滿足謹慎性原則的準備和減值項目

● 將長期資產購置處置,股權投資購置,收益及處置,和融資內容調整至CFI , CFF ,并將其中的非現(xiàn)金部分單獨補充說明

● Timing difference 經(jīng)營性凈收入口徑由Accrual basis 調整為 Cash basis

調整資產和負債中應計(收現(xiàn)延遲),和預提(付現(xiàn)延遲)項目,及預收(收現(xiàn)提前)和預付(付現(xiàn)提前)項目,以流動性項目為主

● 部分非現(xiàn)金及資產負債項目的分析

如存在壞賬核銷,由于壞賬核銷不影響當期凈損益但影響AR期末數(shù)據(jù),應在NI的非現(xiàn)金AR調整中剔除

債券溢價或折價發(fā)行時,cash paid for interest 應考慮損益表項目利息費用 +/- 債券溢價/ 折價的攤銷

e.g. Amortization of bond discount has to be added back to net income to get the CFO. (interest paid is in CFO)

利息資本化和非資本化的內容分別計算,資本化部分CFI,非資本化部分CFO

當期折舊費用可以通過B/S累計折舊/凈值的變化,剔除PP&E購置或處置帶來的折舊/凈值變化因素得到。

美國CPA 財務會計與報告 現(xiàn)金流 cash flow uscpa far

■ 5-2 CFI

Purchase or sale of non-current assets

e.g. PP&E, Finance assets (available-for-sale, held-to-maturity), acquiring other entity under acquisition method, loan principle outflow/inflow

■ 5-3 CFF

Transactions regarding non-current liabilities and equity

e.g. Issue stock, bonds, notes, dividends, repurchase, repay principle,treasury stock transaction (note: receipt dividends & interest, paying interest are CFO; Paying dividend are CFF)

■ 5-4 Noncash Invest and Finance activities

要點四:非現(xiàn)金投資和融資行為單獨披露,分項說明

Supplemental schedule on noncash investing or financing as they may impact significantly future CF

e.g. Purchase PP&E or entity by issuing stock, notes, or by COD.

● Conversion bond to equity, preferred share to common share as financing activity(從負債轉為權益項目)

● Capital lease obligation for acquiring assets

● Noncash assets exchange

要點五 所得稅和利息單獨披露要求

● Allocation specifically related with investing or financing taxes to CFI/CFF is allowable in IFRS, tax paid separately present in CF is required.

● US GAAP requires income taxes paid and interests paid ( net of amounts capitalized ) be separately presented in CF statement as CFO items, direct method, or disclosed in supplemental disclosure, indirect method

● Cash flow per share should not be reported on the statement of CF under U.S. GAAP, because it may be misleading and may be incorrectly used as a measure of profitability.

丨獻給讀者:越努力,越幸運!加油?。?!預祝每位AICPA學員都將在FAR考試中取得好成績!


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