如何發(fā)掘數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代的新礦藏——大數(shù)據(jù)

P3考點(diǎn)解析：大數(shù)據(jù)（Big Data）

近年來，大數(shù)據(jù)（Big Data）成為了一個(gè)熱門話題，在ACCA P3的考核中也有所體現(xiàn)：

那么大數(shù)據(jù)到底指什么呢?

“大數(shù)據(jù)”一般定義為：

'Extremely large collections of data (data sets) that may be analysed to reveal patterns, trends, and associations, especially relating to human behaviour and interactions.'

The increasing use of the Internet and, in particular, social network sites has led to a huge increase in data that is available to organisations. If analysed appropriately, the increased business intelligence can be used to improve the performance of an organisation.

Traditionally, the information available to organisations was mainly internal, relating to transactions and operations of the business.

Today there are many additional external sources of data that may also be useful to organisations. For example:

?discussions on social media about an organisation's products and brands; and

?the behaviour of visitors to the website

Gartner（一個(gè)美國大型咨詢公司）的分析師Doug Laney表示，大數(shù)據(jù)具有3V特點(diǎn)：Volume（大量）、Velocity（高速）、Variety（多樣）。

關(guān)于“大數(shù)據(jù)”的例子：

Browsing activities: sites, pages visited, membership of sites, downloads, searches

Financial transactions

Interests

Buying habits

Reaction to advertisements on the internet or to advertising emails

Geographical information

Information about social and business contacts

Text

Numerical information

Graphical information (such as photographs)

Oral information (such as voice mails)

Technical information, such as jet engine vibration and temperature analysis

有人把數(shù)據(jù)比喻為蘊(yùn)藏能量的煤礦。煤炭按照性質(zhì)有焦煤、無煙煤、肥煤、貧煤等分類，而露天煤礦、深山煤礦的挖掘成本又不一樣。與此類似，大數(shù)據(jù)并不在“大”，而在于“有用”。價(jià)值含量、挖掘成本比數(shù)量更為重要。對(duì)于很多行業(yè)而言，如何利用這些大規(guī)模數(shù)據(jù)是贏得競爭的關(guān)鍵。