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Project Management (項目管理) （七）
5. Project benefits（項目收益階段）
Ø Benefit Classification（收益分類）
收益分為可見收益與不可見收益
1. Tangible Benefits（可見收益）
可見收益包含現(xiàn)金收益的以及非現(xiàn)金收益，分別如下圖所示：
2. Intangible Benefits（不可見收益）
Intangible benefits are sometimes impossible to quantify in monetary terms:
a) Increased morale and job satisfaction
b) Improved customer awareness, image, or satisfaction
c) Better access to information
不可見收益，顧名思義，就是無法準確用貨幣計量的，無法準確統(tǒng)計出效果的收益。是指給雇員或者消費者帶來比較好的心理預期和滿意度，也能傳達出較好的信息。不可見收益通常是可能對整個項目有利的因素，并且可以從一個項目轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個項目中。
Category of benefits（收益分類順序）
nObservable benefits are intangible benefits which are measured by experience or judgement (such as staff morale).
nMeasurable benefits relate to an area of performance that could be measured, but it is not possible to quantify how much performance will increase as a result of the change.
nQuantifiable benefits are those where the level of benefit that will result from the change can be reliably forecast.
nFinancial benefits are quantified benefits that have a financial formula (such as cost or price) to produce a financial value for the benefits.
這四種benefits分別是可觀察量的、可測量的、可計量化的以及金融性化的。
Ø Benefit owner & change owner（收益所有者以及變更所有者）
A benefit owner:
l should be assigned to each benefit;
l ideally should be someone who gains an advantage from the benefit, to provide motivation to ensure that the benefit is realised; and
l should be clear on whether he or she will have the power to add resources to the project.
收益所有者應當衡量所有收益并且確保收益的實現(xiàn)，還要明確自己是否能為這個項目增加更多資源。
A change owner:
l is appointed for each change; and
l the purpose is to ensure that the change is successfully achieved (e.g. HR manager may be given the ownership of enabling change to staff training, and may have to use influence to overcome obstacles).
變更所有者要明確每一項變更，并且確保變更成功進行。
【我要糾錯】 責任編輯：新新
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