Project Management (項(xiàng)目管理) （五）

3 Execution Phase（執(zhí)行階段）
The project execution phase (also called the "delivery phase") is the third phase in the project life cycle. In this phase, the physical project deliverables are built and presented to customers for signoff. This phase is usually the longest phase in the project life cycle and it typically consumes the most energy and the most resources.
項(xiàng)目的計(jì)劃之后需要進(jìn)行的就是項(xiàng)目的執(zhí)行，這一步驟在整個(gè)項(xiàng)目管理中起著至關(guān)重要的作用，他是項(xiàng)目周期的第三個(gè)階段，一般這個(gè)階段是周期里時(shí)間至長(zhǎng)也是至耗費(fèi)精力、物力、人力和財(cái)力的。

3.1 Project Team Responsibilities（團(tuán)隊(duì)工作職責(zé)）

• Team members execute the tasks as planned by the project manager.
• The project manager is responsible for performance measurement, which includes finding variances between planned and actual work, cost and schedule; provides Project Status Report to all key stakeholders in order to provide visibility.--fxgr--
• All project key stakeholders are responsible for the review of the metrics and variances and taking necessary action of the variances thus determined so as to complete the project within time and budget.

團(tuán)隊(duì)成員需要分工明確，根據(jù)項(xiàng)目總經(jīng)理的安排進(jìn)行執(zhí)行，所有的工作和進(jìn)度都需要對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)人進(jìn)行總結(jié)匯報(bào)，公司的利益相關(guān)人員也有職責(zé)去對(duì)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行監(jiān)督和管理，以便項(xiàng)目倒計(jì)時(shí)按照既定的時(shí)間和預(yù)算成本順利完成。

3.2 Basic Processes and Facilitating Processes（基本流程和促進(jìn)流程的必要方法）

基本流程包括計(jì)劃、監(jiān)督衡量、更改項(xiàng)目管理流程；促進(jìn)流程包括質(zhì)量保證和控制、項(xiàng)目監(jiān)管、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)把控、成本控制等等。

3.3 Project Gateways（項(xiàng)目監(jiān)督審核）

A gateway is a project review point at which certain criteria must be met before for the project can pass through the gateway and proceed to the next stage.

The purpose of a gateway review is to:

ü  help increase the chances of the successful delivery of a project;

ü  allow the project to address issues that may affect the expected benefits;

ü  allow the project to change course if this allows the objectives to be better served in light of new information;

ü  provide evidence to stop a project that is poorly aligned with business objectives; and

ü  provide assurance to benefit owners that an independent assessment of the project is taking place.

The spirit of the review process is to be supportive and forward looking.

項(xiàng)目關(guān)口的意思就是對(duì)項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行把控，來(lái)確定項(xiàng)目是否合格過關(guān)。

3.4 Progress Report（項(xiàng)目進(jìn)程報(bào)告）

Progress reporting is a key element of project management. Reports should be issued by the project manager and circulated to the stakeholders on a regular basis. The following people must be included on the circulation list: project sponsor; budget holder; senior user(s); and team members.

The report should be kept brief and sum the key points in the project.

A progress report should report progress towards milestones (i.e. major events such as completion of a major deliverable) and indicate where slippage has occurred (e.g. through variance analysis when actual progress is behind planned progress).

項(xiàng)目的進(jìn)程報(bào)告需要按照一些必要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行匯報(bào)：項(xiàng)目贊助商，出資人，用戶和團(tuán)隊(duì)成員。按照以上九點(diǎn)進(jìn)行報(bào)告是至完成且有效的。