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ACCA資產負債表知識匯總:
類詞匯Assets
“Assets”定義
A resource controlled by an entity as a result of past events and from which future economicbenefits are expected to flow to the entity.
資產是指由企業(yè)過去經(jīng)營交易或各項事項形成的,由企業(yè)擁有或控制的,預期會給企業(yè)帶來經(jīng)濟利益的資源。
1.1非流動性資產Non-current assets
“Non-current assets”定義
A non-currentasset is an asset that is not likely to turn to unrestricted cash within oneyear of the balance sheet date.
非流動資產是指流動資產以外的資產,主要包括持有到期投資、長期應收款、長期股權投資、投資性房地產、固定資產、在建工程、無形資產、長期待攤費用、可供出售金融資產等。
Property,plant&equipment
房屋、廠房及設備
Investment properties
投資性房地產
Intangible assets
無形資產,例如patent(專利權),goodwill(商譽)
1.2流動性資產Currentassets
“Current assets”定義
Current assets arebalance sheet accounts that represent the value of all assets that can reasonably expect to be converted into cash within one year.
流動資產(Current Assets)是指企業(yè)可以在一年或者超過一年的一個營業(yè)周期內變現(xiàn)或者運用的資產。內容包括貨幣資金、短期投資、應收票據(jù)、應收賬款和存貨等。
Inventories
存貨
Receivables
應收款
Cash and cash equivalents
現(xiàn)金和現(xiàn)金等價物
Short term investments
短期投資
Prepayment expenses
預付費用
Bank
銀行現(xiàn)金
2.權益類詞匯Equity
“Equity”定義
The residual interest in the assets of the entity after deducting all its liabilities.
所有者權益是指企業(yè)資產扣除負債后由所有者享有的剩余權益。包括實收資本(或股本)、資本公積、盈余公積和未分配利潤。
Share capital
股本:股票數(shù)量乘以票面價值
Share premium
股本溢價:股價乘以股票數(shù)量再減去股本可得出
Revaluation surplus
重估價盈余:主要是在資產等重估方面出現(xiàn)
General reserve
普通儲備
Retained earnings
留存收益,或未分配利潤
3.負債類詞匯Liabilities
“Liability”定義
A present obligation of the entity arising from past events,the settlement of which isexpected to result in an outflow from the entity of resources embodying economic benefits.
負債是企業(yè)所承擔的能以貨幣計量、需以資產或勞務償還的債務:
負債是企業(yè)承擔的現(xiàn)時義務;
負債的清償預期會導致經(jīng)濟利益流出企業(yè);
負債是由過去的交易或事項形成的。
3.1長期負債/非流動負債Non-currentliabilities
“Non-current liabilities”定義
Non-current liabilities are liabilities with a future benefit over one year,such as notes payable that mature longer than one year.
非流動負債又稱為長期負債。是指償還期在一年或者超過一年的一個營業(yè)周期以上的債務。
Loan stock/Debentures
債券(注意需要具體問題具體分析)
Long-term payable
長期應付款
3.2短期負債/流動負債Currentliabilities
“Current liabilities”定義
Current liabilities are a company's debts or obligations that are due within one year,appearing on the company's balance sheet and include short-term debt,accounts payable,accrued liabilities and other debts.
短期負債也叫流動負債是指將在1年(含1年)或者超過1年的一個營業(yè)周期內償還的債務,包括短期借款、應付票據(jù)、應付賬款、預收賬款、應付工資、應付福利費、應付股利、應交稅金、其它暫收應付款項、預提費用和一年內到期的長期借款等。
Bank overdraft
銀行透支
Trade payables
短期應付款
Current tax payable
當前應納稅額
Accrued payment
應付款
Short-term borrowing
短期借款
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