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Going Her Own Way

　　When she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life. She decided that she wanted to continue her education, Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school，though some attended private Catholic "finishing" schools. There they learned a little about music，art，needlework，and how to make polite conversation. This was not the sort of education that interested Maria -or her mother. By this time，she had begun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought her books everywhere. One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark.

　　Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way. That meant attending the public high school，something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time，there were two types of high schools： the "classical" schools and the "technical" schools. In the classical schools，the students followed a very traditional program of studies，with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature，and Italian literature and history1. The few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools.

　　Maria，however，wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modem than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages，mathematics，science，and accounting2.Most people - including Maria's father - believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects. Furthermore，they did not think it was proper for girls to study them.

　　Maria did not care if it was proper or not. Math and science were the subjects that interested her most. But before she could sign up for the technical school，she had to win her father' sapproval. She finally did，with her mother's help，though for many years after，there was tension in the family. Maria's father continued to oppose her plans，while her mother helped her.

　　In 1883，at age thirteen，Maria entered the "Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti" in Rome. Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine. Though the courses included modern subjects，the teaching methods were very traditional. Learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way. Teachers were very demanding，discipline in the classroom was strict，and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient.

　　詞匯：

　　discipline  n. 紀(jì)律，學(xué)科，訓(xùn)練，懲罰

　　punishment  n. 懲罰，嚴(yán)厲對(duì)待，虐待

　　注釋?zhuān)?

　　1. In the classical schools，the students followed a very traditional program of studies，with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature，and Italian literature and history. 在傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校中，學(xué)生們都依照一種非常傳統(tǒng)的教學(xué)方式學(xué)習(xí)，包含拉丁語(yǔ)、希臘語(yǔ)與文學(xué)課，還有意大利文學(xué)與歷史。

　　2. The technical schools were more modem than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages，mathematics，science，and accounting. 技術(shù)學(xué)校比傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校要現(xiàn)代得多， 他們提供的課程有現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言、數(shù)學(xué)、自然科學(xué)，以及會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)。

　　練習(xí)：

　　1. Maria wanted to attend________.

　　A） private "finishing" school

　　B） school with Latin and Greek

　　C） technical high school

　　D） school for art and music

　　2. In those days, most Italian girls________.

　　A) went to classical schools

　　B) went to "finishing" schools

　　C) did not go to high school

　　D) went to technical schools

　　3. You can infer from this passage that________.

　　A) girls usually attended private primary schools

　　B) only boys usually attended technical schools

　　C) girls did not like going to school

　　D) only girls attended classical schools

　　4. Maria's father probably________.

　　A) had very modern views about women

　　B) had very traditional views about women

　　C) had no opinion about women

　　D) thought women could not learn Latin

　　5. High school teachers in Italy In those days were________.

　　A) very modern

　　B) very intelligent

　　C) quite scientific

　　D) quite strict

　　答案與題解：

　　1. C 本題的問(wèn)題是：Maria想去個(gè)怎樣的學(xué)校？由文中第三段可明確得出結(jié)論。"Maria, however, wanted to attend a technical school ." A, B, D項(xiàng)均有明顯錯(cuò)誤。

　　2. C 本題的問(wèn)題是：在當(dāng)時(shí)的意大利大多數(shù)女孩的選擇是什么？由文中的第一段可知"Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school ,"所以本題的正確答案為C。

　　3. B 本題為推理題，問(wèn)題是：從全文可以得出什么樣的結(jié)論？A選項(xiàng)未提及。C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，原文只說(shuō)大多數(shù)女孩子都選擇呆在家里，并未說(shuō)她們都不喜歡讀書(shū)。D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，原文只說(shuō)就算是上學(xué)的話大多數(shù)女孩子都選擇傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校，而并非只有女孩子可以去。所以正確答案為B。

　　4. B 本題問(wèn)的是：Maria的父親對(duì)女性的態(tài)度是什么？由文中第三段倒數(shù)第二句"Most people-including Maria's father -believed in the girls would never be able to understand these subjects."可以得出答案，父親和大多數(shù)人一樣都持傳統(tǒng)觀念。

　　5. D 本題的問(wèn)題是：當(dāng)時(shí)的意大利高中教師是怎樣的？從文中最后一段可以得出結(jié)論"Teachers were very demanding, discipline in the classroom was strict, and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient,"故正確答案為D。

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