美國CPA《財務(wù)會計與報告》知識點：金融工具

　　正保會計網(wǎng)校特別為美國cpa學(xué)員整理了美國cpa考試《財務(wù)會計與報告》的內(nèi)容，以備迎接美國CPA考試，祝您在網(wǎng)校學(xué)習(xí)愉快！

Financial Instruments

Financial instruments include:

Cash,foreign currency,and demand deposits

Ownership interest in an entity

Contracts that both impose on one entity a contractual obligation or duty and convey to the second entity a contractual right to do the opposite.（Call option, Put option）

Derivative.

On specified election dates,entities may choose to measure eligible financial instruments at fair value.

Under the fair value option, unrealized gains and losses are reported in earnings.

The fair value option is irrevocable and is applied to individual financial instruments.

Financial instruments disclosure

Fair value

Concentrations of credit risk

Market risk of all financial instruments

Derivatives（衍生工具）derive their value from other securities.

Derivatives有三個特征：

Underlyings（標(biāo)的價格）+notional amount （標(biāo)的物單位）

No initial net investment（無初始凈投資或很少的初始凈投資）

Net settlement（凈額結(jié)算）

An underlying is a specified price,rate, or other variable.

A notional amount is a specified unit of measure

Hedging is the use of a derivative to offset anticipated losses or to reduce earnings volatility.

Common derivatives are forward contracts,futures, swaps,and options

Option contract is a contract between two parties that gives one party the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell something to the other party at a specified price.

The option buyer,or holder,must pay a premium to the option seller,or writer,to enter into the option.

Futures contract（期貨合同）is an agreement between two parties to exchange a commodity or currency at a specified price on a specified future date.

Futures contracts are made through a clearing house and have standardized notional amounts and settlement dates.

Forward contracts（遠期合同）are similar to futures contracts, except that they are privately negotiated between two parties with the assistance of an intermediary,rather than through a clearing house.

A swap contract（掉期合同）is a private agreement between two parties,generally assisted by an intermediary,to exchange future cash payments.

Common derivatives are forward contracts, futures,swaps,and options

Derivatives are reported as assets or liabilities by fair value.

Hedging instruments include : Fair value hedge,cash flow hedge, foreign currency hedge etc.

Only the effective part of cash flow hedge are recorded in OCI,all other changes in fair value are recorded in I/S.

Certain financial instruments have characteristics of both liabilities and equity.The following must be classified as liability

Mandatorily redeemable shares

Financial instruments that represent an obligatin to repurchase the issuer’s equity shares by transferring assets.

An obligation to issue a variable number of shares.

Accounting for financial instruments under IFRS 9

Financial assets classified as “Debt instruments”&“Equity instruments”.

Financial assets initially measured at fair value,then subsequently measured at amortized cost or fair value.

Financial liabilities initially measured at fair value, then subsequently measured at amortized cost or fair value.

　　網(wǎng)校2014美國cpa輔導(dǎo)熱招：

　　正保會計網(wǎng)校2014年美國CPA考試輔導(dǎo)全面招生！網(wǎng)校2014年美國注冊會計師（U.S.CPA）考試輔導(dǎo)在總結(jié)往年成功教學(xué)經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上，從學(xué)員實際需求出發(fā)，結(jié)合中國考生學(xué)習(xí)特點，融入先進的教學(xué)理念與創(chuàng)新的教學(xué)方式，針對不同學(xué)員的學(xué)習(xí)需求，全新推出高端特訓(xùn)班、網(wǎng)絡(luò)遠程班、自學(xué)課程班三種個性化輔導(dǎo)班次。（查看詳情>>）

　　網(wǎng)校美國CPA課程使用全球美國CPA考試通過率至高的Becke.CP.Review教材，配合網(wǎng)校專業(yè)的課程體系、特色的雙語教學(xué)模式、靈活多樣的學(xué)習(xí)方式、全方位一站式配套服務(wù)，定能為您順利通過考試助一臂之力。機會難得，欲報從速！