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考試考點內容:P3 Business analysis---financing strategy
租賃是公司融資常用的方式之一,Leasing is one of the common financing methods for corporation.
Leasing is a medium-term financial arrangement, usually from 1 to 10 years, by which the lessee has a legal obligation to make payments to the lessor over the predetermined length of time.
It is a means of financing the use of capital equipment; the underlying principle is that use is more important than ownership.
租賃是屬于中長期的融資方式的一種,一般是在1年到10年不等,出租方可以賦予承租方合法的使用權益一旦承租方支付租金或費用給出租方后,雙方按照事先簽署約定的周期進行租賃的一種交易方式。租賃的形式有很多種,可以是物品、土地、房屋等各種不動產以及動產。常規(guī)的租賃類型大致分為兩種:融資租賃和經營租賃。
SSAP 21 and IAS 17 Accounting for leases distinguish between two types of lease agreement: Financing leasing and Operating leasing.
融資租賃:又稱金融租賃,是租賃的主要形式的一種,是指租賃的當事人約定,由出租方根據(jù)承租方對租賃物品的特定要求和對供貨方的選擇,出資向供貨方購買租賃物品,并租給承租方使用,承租方則分期向出租方支付租金,在租賃期內租賃物品的所有權屬于出租方所有,承租方對擁有租賃物品有使用權。租期屆滿,租金支付完畢并且承租方根據(jù)融資租賃合同的規(guī)定履行完全義務后,對租賃物的歸屬沒有約定的或者約定不明的,可以協(xié)議補充;不能達成協(xié)議的,按照合同的有關條款或者交易習慣確定,若仍然不能確定的,租賃物品所有權歸出租人所有。
IAS 17 definition “A finance lease is a lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of an asset to the lessee.”
經營租賃:又稱業(yè)務租賃,是除了融資租賃的其他主要租賃形式,是為了滿足經營使用上的臨時或者季節(jié)性的需要而發(fā)生的資產租賃,一般為短期租賃,出租方不僅要向承租方提供設備的使用權,還要向承租方提供設備的保養(yǎng)、保險、維護等服務的一種租賃形式。
FinancingLeases - exists for the whole useful life of the asset. - lessor does not retain the risks or reward of ownership. - lease agreement cannot be cancelled. - the substance of the transaction is the purchase of the asset by the lessee financed by a loan (i.e. medium to long-term debt finance). |
Operating Leases - lease period is less than the useful life of the asset; - lessor is normally responsible for repairs and maintenance; - lease can sometimes be cancelled at short notice; - the substance of the transaction is the short-term rental of an asset. |
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