為了支持國(guó)際貿(mào)易的發(fā)展,世貿(mào)組織?供了一個(gè)確定和減少貿(mào)易壁壘和解決貿(mào)易 爭(zhēng)端的機(jī)制。如果成員違反了規(guī)則,世界貿(mào)易組織將處以罰款。To support the development of international trade, the WTO provides a mechanism for identifying and reducing trade barriers and resolving trade disputes. WTO will impose fines,if members are in reach of their rules.
WIO 的建立是為了降低國(guó)際貿(mào)易壁壘,它這樣做是為了防止保護(hù)主義的措施,如 關(guān)稅,配額和其他進(jìn)口限制。它也作為一個(gè)談判論壇,解決國(guó)家之間的爭(zhēng)端。世貿(mào)組織鼓勵(lì)自由貿(mào)易,通過將至惠國(guó)原則應(yīng)用于其成員國(guó)之間,在一個(gè)國(guó)家提供 給另一個(gè)國(guó)家的關(guān)稅降低的政策惠及所有成員國(guó)。The World Trade Organization (WTO)was set up to continue to implement the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade(GATT), and its main aims are to reduce the barriers to international trade. It does this by seeking to prevent protectionist measure such as tariffs ,quotas and other import restrictions. It also acts as a form for negotiation and offering settlement processes to resolve disputes between countries. The WTO encourages free trade by applying the most favoured nation principle between its members,where reduction in tariffs offered to one country by another should be offered to all members.
雖然世貿(mào)組織已經(jīng)取得了顯著的成功,阻止了一些國(guó)家之間的貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義措施, 但也允許另一些保護(hù)主義措施,特別是非基于非關(guān)稅為基礎(chǔ)的,這部分是很難確定和控制。Whereas the WTO has had notable success, some protectionist measures between groups of countries are nevertheless allowed and some protectionist measures, especially non-tariff based ones, have been harder to identify and control.
優(yōu)點(diǎn):
1. 入世降低了貿(mào)易保護(hù)措施
2. 通常情況下,當(dāng)各國(guó)實(shí)施貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義措施時(shí),相互對(duì)對(duì)方進(jìn)行報(bào)復(fù)。入世可以減少這些可能,讓公司專注于增加貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。
3. 這樣的政策也可能讓公司專注在某些產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)上,以獲得競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì),并更 有效地競(jìng)爭(zhēng)在全球范圍內(nèi),獲得全球政治資本和全球影響力。
缺點(diǎn):
1. 可能的缺點(diǎn)主要是圍繞需要保護(hù)某些行業(yè)。
1)比如有些行業(yè)的發(fā)展是需要時(shí)間的,稍加時(shí)日他們就會(huì)具有全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,過 早的介入保護(hù)會(huì)損害他們明日的發(fā)展。
2)另外,對(duì)于一些老舊的衰退行業(yè),一旦放開競(jìng)爭(zhēng)就會(huì)迅速倒閉,可能早就大 量失業(yè),這在社會(huì)和政治層面看是不可接受的。
2. 某些保護(hù)主義政策的目的是為了防止商品“傾銷”,即以一個(gè)非常便宜的價(jià)格 售賣,這損害了當(dāng)?shù)厣a(chǎn)者。