Dyslexia
Experts on dyslexia say that the problem is not a disease. They say that persons with dyslexia use information in a different way. One of the world's great thinkers and scientists. Albert Einstein was dyslexic. Einstein said that he never thought in words the way that most people do .He said that he thought in pictures instead .The American inventor Thomas Edison was also dyslexic. Dyslexia first was recognized in Europe and the United States more than 80 years ago. Many years passed before doctors discovered that persons with the disorder were not mentally slow or disabled .The doctors found that the brains of persons with dyslexia are different. In most people, the left side of the brain-----the part that controls language is larger than the right side. In persons with dyslexia, the right side of the brain is bigger. Doctors are not sure what causes this difference. However, research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females, and it is found more often in persons who are left handed. No one knows the cause of dyslexia, but some scientists believe that it may result from chemical changes in a baby's body long before it is born. They are trying to find ways to teach persons with dyslexia. Dyslexic persons think differently and need special kinds of teaching help. After they have solved their problems with language, they often show themselves to be especially intelligent or creative.
1). One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not Mentioned
2). Many great thinkers and scientists in the world are dyslexic.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not Mentioned
3). The first cases of dyslexia in Europe were discovered less than a century ago.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not Mentioned
4). The left side of the brain in a dyslexic person is bigger than the right side.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not Mentioned
5). Generally speaking, dyslexia is more common in left-handed males than in right-handed females.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not Mentioned
6). It is believed that dyslexia is related to the bad habits of a babys mother.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not Mentioned
7). Dyslexic people often turn out to be intelligent or creative one they have learned to handle language properly.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not Mentioned
【正確答案】:A C A B A C A
【答案解析】:
1). 題目中的關鍵詞是one out of five和American children. 根據(jù)順序出題的特點,我們很快在原文第一段中找到答案,其中one out of是20%的同義改寫,American children是all children in the United States的同義改寫,因此該題的答案為A. Right。
2). Many great thinkers and scientists in the world are dyslexic. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not Mentioned 正確答案: C 答案解析:題目中的關鍵詞great thinkers and scientists. 我們在第二段中找到答案所在句。但是通過對比我們發(fā)現(xiàn),原文中的限制詞是one of,而題目中卻是many。再仔細閱讀文中發(fā)現(xiàn),文中僅提到愛因斯坦和愛迪生為讀寫困難癥的患者,并未講述除愛因斯坦和愛迪生以外的思想家和科學家的情況,因此該題的答案為C. Not Mentioned。
3). The first cases of dyslexia in Europe were discovered less than a century ago. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not Mentioned 正確答案: A 答案解析:題目中的關鍵詞是專有名詞Europe,我們很快在第二段第五行找到答案所在句。通過對比題目和答案所在句,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)從recognize → discover, more than 80 years ago → less than a century ago都屬于同義改寫,但惟一有差別的是文中提到的兩個地方:Europe和the United States在80多年前發(fā)現(xiàn)了讀寫困難癥病例,但題目中僅僅提到了Europe。對于這個問題,我們可以進行如下推理:設A = Europe,B = the United States,實際上這道題就變?yōu)檫@樣一道推理題:如果A + B正確,那么A是否正確?實際上很簡單:A + B成立(正確)的充分必要條件是 正確,即A正確或者B正確。經(jīng)過這樣的推理,我們知道該題的答案應為A. Right。
4). The left side of the brain in a dyslexic person is bigger than the right side. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not Mentioned 正確答案: B 答案解析:題目中的關鍵詞是bigger,我們很快在第二段第九行找到答案所在句。該句題目屬反義表達,所以該題選B. Wrong。
5). Generally speaking, dyslexia is more common in left-handed males than in right-handed females. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not Mentioned 正確答案: A 答案解析:題目中的關鍵詞是more common。答案所在句在第二段第十句。對答案所在句必須進行邏輯分析,我們才能得出正確結論。設A = males,B = females,C = left-handed,D = right-handed。根據(jù)答案所在句前半句我們知道:A > B,根據(jù)后半句我們知道,C > D,進行推導可知,該題答案為A. Right。
6). It is believed that dyslexia is related to the bad habits of a babys mother. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not Mentioned 正確答案: C 答案解析:題目中的關鍵詞應為bad habits和baby’s mother,但是通讀全文,我們只找到了無關信息baby’s body,由此可見,該題正確答案為C. Not Mentioned。
7). Dyslexic people often turn out to be intelligent or creative one they have learned to handle language properly. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not Mentioned 正確答案: A 答案解析:題目中的關鍵詞是intelligent or creative,我們在全文最后一句找到答案,通過對比,我們知道:show themselves to be → turn out to be, solve → handle等均屬同義表達,所以該題正確答案是A. Right。
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