第1部分：詞匯選項(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)

　　下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。

　　1．I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer，it'S driving me mad．

　　A．tolerate

　　B．generate

　　C．reduce

　　D．mensure

　　2．Regular visits from a social worker can be of immense value to old people living alone．

　　A．equal

　　B．immediate

　　C．moderate

　　D．great

　　3．He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school．

　　A．bright

　　B．unclear

　　C．general

　　D．bad

　　4．I want to provide my boys with a decent education．

　　A．special

　　B．private

　　C．general

　　D．good

　　5．Sleep stairs can present a particular hazard to older people．

　　A．picture

　　B．danger

　　C．evidence

　　D．case

　　6．Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil．

　　A．doubt

　　B．relief

　　C．failure

　　D．confusion

　　7．Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment．

　　A．love

　　B．surprise

　　C．a(chǎn)nger

　　D．doubt

　　8．Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exercise every day．

　　A．energetic

　　B．free

　　C．physical

　　D．regular

　　9．I enjoyed the play-it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues．

　　A．boring

　　B．original

　　C．humorous

　　D．long

　　10．Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth．

　　A．a(chǎn)ttract

　　B．spend

　　C．encourage

　　D．require

　　11．He demolished my argument in minutes．

　　A．supported

　　B．disproved

　　C．disputed

　　D．a(chǎn)ccepted

　　12．The two banks have announced plans to merge next year．

　　A．close

　　B．sell

　　C．break

　　D．combine

　　13．Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners．

　　A．polite

　　B．usual

　　C．bad

　　D．similar

　　14．The project required ten years of diligent research．

　　A．hardworking

　　B．social

　　C．basic

　　D．scientific

　　15．He was kept in appalling conditions in prison．

　　A．necessary

　　B．terrible

　　C．critical

　　D．normal

　　第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)

　　下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。

　　California Gives Green Light to Space Solar Power

　　Energy beamed down from space is one step closer to reality，now that California has given the green light to an agreement that would see the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt (兆瓦)of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016．But some major chal lenges will have to be overcomed if the technology is to be used widely．

　　A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites，which it says will use radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Earth．

　　The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in eosynchronous(與地球同步的)orbit．Earth-based solar cells，by contrast，can only collect sun．

　　Light during daytime and when skies are clear．

　　But space-based solar power must grapple(努力克服)with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space，says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette，Indiana， "If you're talking about it being economically viable or power of the Earth，it's a tough go．"he says.

　　Cal Boerman，Solaren's director of energy services，says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down．"We knew we had to come up with a different，revolu-tionary design，"he says．A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system'Sweight，including using inflatable minors to focus sunlight on solar cells，so a smaller number cancollect the same amount of energy．

　　But using minors introduces other chaHenges，including keeping the solar cells from overhea-ting，says Schwartz．"You have to take care of heat dissipation(散發(fā))because you're now concen-trating a lot of energy in one place，"he says．According to the company's patent，Solaren's solarcells will be connected to radiators to help keep them cool．

　　Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-based solar power work，it is notexpecting to crowd out other forms of renewable energy．Laws in California and other states requireincreasing use of renewable energy in coming years，he points out．"To meet those needs，we're go-ing to need all types of renewable energy sources，"he says．

　　16．Solar-power satellites will use radio waves to beam energy down from space．

　　A．Right

　　B．Wrong

　　C．Not mentioned

　　17．Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites．

　　A．Right

　　B．Wrong

　　C．Not mentioned

　　18．Space-based solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear．

　　A．Right

　　B．Wrong

　　C．Not mentioned

　　19．One advantage of space-based solar power system is that it is economical．

　　A．Right

　　B．Wrong

　　C．Not mentioned

　　20．Inflatable minors are used to reduce the space-based solar power system．

　　A．Right

　　B．Wrong

　　C．Not mentioned

　　21．Space-based solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy sources．

　　A．Right

　　B．Wrong

　　C．Not mentioned

　　22．Many countries will grant permission for the use of spaced-based solar power soon．

　　A．Right

　　B．Wrong

　　C．Not mentioned

　　第3部分：概括大意與完成句子(第23～30題，每題1分，共8分)

　　下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：

　　(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2-5段每段選擇1個最佳標(biāo)題；

　　(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。

　　Natural Gas

　　1 Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface．It is a fossil fuel

　　(礦物質(zhì)燃料)，meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of yearsago．The main component of natural gas is methane(甲烷)．

　　2 The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commercial and industrial customers worldwide．Today，natural gas serviceis available in all 50 states in the U．S．，and is the leading energy choice for fueling Americanhomes and idustries。More than 65 million American homes use natural gas．In fact，natural gas isthe most economical source for home energy needs，costing one-third as much as electricity．In addi-tion to heating homes，much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manu-facture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for heahhcare，con-puting and furnishings．Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants．

　　3 Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available．It emits less pollution than oth-er fossil fuel sources．When natural gas is burned，it produces mostly carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) and water vapor-the same substances emitted when humans exhale．Compared with some other fos-sil fuels，natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted(燃燒)， making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of a11．

　　4 The United States consumes about one-third of the world'S natural gas output，making it the largest gas-consuming region in the world．The U．S．Department of Energy'S Energy Information Ad-ministration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025．

　　5 There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface．The largest reserves of natural gas can be found in Russia，West and North Africa and the Middle East．LNG(液化天然氣)has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades．

　　Today，the leading importes of LNG are Japan，Korea，F(xiàn)rance and Spain．

　　23．Paragraph 2_________．

　　24．Paragraph 3________．

　　25．Paragraph 4_________.

　　26．Paragraph 5________．

　　A．Popularity and use of natural gas

　　B．Natural gas reserves and supply

　　C．Natural gas prices

　　D．Clean fuel of choice

　　E．Disadvantages of natural gas

　　F．Natural gas consumption

　　27．Natural gas is stored deep________．

　　28．Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source_________．

　　29．When manufacturing many products，people commonly use natural gas____________．

　　30．It is estimated that by 2025 that natural gas demand in the United States will increase_________．

　　A．over the past 50 years

　　B．beneath the earth surface

　　C．by more than 50 percent

　　D．for more than four decades

　　E．a(chǎn)s a raw material

　　F．for home energy needs

　　第4部分：閱讀理解(第3l～45題，每題3分，共45分)

　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,為每題確定1個最佳選項。

　　第一篇

　　How the First Stars in the Universe Came into Existence

　　How the first stars formed from this dust and gas has been a burning question for years，but a state-of-the-art computer simulation now offers the most detailed picture yet of how these first stars in the universe came into existence，researchers say．

　　The composition of the early universe was quite different from that of today，and the physics that governed the early universe were also somewhat simpler．Dr．Naoki Yoshida and colleagues in Japan and the U．S．incorporated these conditions of the early universe，sometimes referred to as the "cosmic dark ages，"to simulate the formation of an astronomical object that would eventually shine its light into this darkness．

　　The result is a detailed description of the formation of a protostar-the early stage of a massive primordial star of our universe，and the researchers'computer simulation，which has been called a "cosmic Rosetta Stone．"sets the bar for further investigation into the star formation process．The question of how the first stars evolved is so important because their formations and eventual explo-sions provided the seeds for subsequent stars to come into being．

　　According to their simulation，gravity acted on minute density variations in matter，gases，and the mysterious"dark matter''of the universe after the Big Bang in order to form this early stage of a star-a protostar with a mass of just one percent of our sun．The simulation reveals how pre-stellar gases would have actually evolved under the simpler physics of the early universe to form this protostar．

　　Dr．Yoshida's simulation also shows that the protostar would likely evolve into a massive star capableof synthesizing heavy elements，not just in later generations of stars，but soon after the Big Bang．

　　"This geneal picture of star formation，and the ability to compare how stellar objects form in different time periods and regions of the universe，will eventually allow investigation into the originsof life and planets，"said Lars Hernquist，a Professor of Astronomy at Harvard University and a coauthor of this latest report．"The abundance of elements in the universe has increased as stars haveaccumulated，"he says，"and the formation and destruction of stars continues to spread these ele． ments further across the universe．So when you think about it．a(chǎn)11 of the elements in our bodies originally formed from nuclear reactions in the centers of stars，long ago．"

　　Their simulation of the birth of a protostar in the early universe signifies a key step toward theambitious goal of piecing together the formation of an entire primordial star and of predicting the massand properties of these first stars of the universe．More powerful computers，more physical data，andan even larger range will be needed for further calculations and simulations，but these researchers hope to eventually extend this simulation to the point of nuclear reaction in．itiation-when a stellar ob． ject becomes a true star．

　　"Dr．Yoshida has taken the study of primordial star formation to a new level with this simulation，but it still gets us only to the halfway point towards our final goal．It is like laying the foundation of a skyscraper，"said Volker Bromm，Assistant Professor of Astronomy at the University of Tex． as，Austin and the author of a companion article．"We must continue our studies in this area to un-derstand how the initially tiny protostar grows，layer by layer，to eventually form a massive star．Buthere，the physics become much more complicated and even more computational resources are needed．"

　　31．According to the first two paragraphs，the early universe_______．

　　A．was governed by simpler physics

　　B．got fewer stars shinning in it

　　C．started over 13 billion years ago

　　D．was composed in a way similar to that of today

　　32．What can the state-of-the．a(chǎn)rt computer simulation tell us about?

　　A．How the Big Bang occurred about 13 billion years ago．

　　B．How"cosmic dark ages"came into existence．

　　C．How dust grains and gases were formed after the Big Bang．

　　D．How the first stars canle into being after the Big Bang．

　　33．What does the"astronomical object"in paragraph 2 refer to?

　　A．cosmic dark ages．

　　B．dust grains and gases．

　　C．a(chǎn) protostar．

　　D．the early universe．

　　34．According to paragraph 4，what is NOT true about a protostar?

　　A．It developed into a massive star during the Big Bang．

　　B．It evolved from pre-stellar gases．

　　C．It was able to integrate heavy elements when evolving into a massive star．

　　D．It had a mass of one percent of the sun．

　　35．According to the last paragraph，all of the following are goals of the simulation project EXCEPT

　　A．to know more about the mass and properties of the first stars of the universe

　　B．to simulate the process of how the early universe began

　　C．to apply the simulation to the study of nuclear reaction initiation

　　D．to discover the truth about the formation of a protostar

　　第二篇

　　The Iceman

　　On a September,day in 1991，two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austra and Ita． 1y．High up on a mountain pass，they found the body of a man lying on the ice．At that height (10，499 feet，or 3，200 meters)，the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especially

　　warm year．The mountain ice had melted more than iust usual and so the body had come to the surface．It was lying face downward．The skeleton(骨架)was in perfect condition except a wound on the head．remains of some clothes．The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots．Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark (樹皮)and a holder for arrows．

　　Who was the man?How and when had he died?Everybody had a different answer to these questions．Some people thought that it was from this century，perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I，since several soldiers had already been found in this area．A Swiss woman who believed it might be her father，who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found．The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older，maybe even a thousand years old．

　　With modem dating techniques，the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5，300 years old．Born in about 3300 B．C．，he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe．At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains．More recent evidence，however，tells a different story．A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder．It left only a tiny hole in his skin，but it caused internal damage and bleeding．He almost certainly died from this wound，and not from the wound oil the back of his head．This means that he was probably in some kind of battle．It may have been part oi a large war，or he may have beenfightiing bandits．He may even have been a bandit himself．

　　By studying his clothes and tools，scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in．we may never know the full story of how he died，but he has given usimportant clues to the history of those distant times．

　　36．The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainly because_________．

　　A．he was lying on the ice

　　B．two Germans were climbing mountains

　　C．the melted ice made him visible

　　D．he was just on a mountain pass

　　37．What can be inferred from paragraph 2?

　　A．The iceman was killed while working．

　　B．The iceman could have died from the wound in the head．

　　C．The iceman lived a poor life．

　　D．The iceman was struck dead from behind．

　　38．All the following are assumptions once made about iceman EXCEPT_____________．

　　A．he was a soldier in World War I

　　B．he came from Italy

　　C．he was a Swiss woman's long-lost father

　　D．He was born about a thousand years ago

　　39．The scientists made the deduction that the iceman_________．

　　A．was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead

　　B．was probably in some kind of a battle

　　C．had got a wound on the back of his head

　　D．has a tiny hole in his skin causing his death．

　　40．The word"bandits"in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by________．

　　A．robbers

　　B．soldiers

　　C hunters

　　D．shooters

　　第三篇

　　Scientists Make Sweet Discovering

　　Good news for chocoholics：the treat preferred by millions all over the world is good for you， according to American researchers at the University of California．Chocolate contains substancescalled flavonoids that can help maintain a healthy heart and good circulation．The researchers havediscovered that cocoa acts like aspirin and that eating a bar of chocolate has also been shown to release endorphins in the body：these chemicals help to reduce pain and stress and make you feel happy.

　　The Olmec Indians of Mexico and Central America were the first to grow cocoa beans，in about1500 BC，and the Mayas were drinking unsweetened coca hundreds of years before it became fashionable in Europe．

　　In 1544，a delegation of Mayan nobles visited Philip of Spain and gave him jars of cocoa as a gift．Cocoa soon became fashionable in Spain and Portugal．The Spanish were the first to add sugarto their cocoa drink．

　　By the middle of the century，solid chocolate was becoming familiar．In 1765，James Baker and John Hanan opened the first chocolate mill in the United States，introducing chocolate to the average citizen．In 1896，in Switzerland，Daniel Peter had the idea of adding milk in the chocolate-making process and produced the first milk chocolate．

　　Since then，chocolate has grown enormously in popularity．One of the biggest chocolate-eatingnations is Britain where the average man，women，and child eats nine kilos of chocolate a year．Infact，chocolate is the number one comfort food and there are more chocoholics in Britain than any where else in the world．Researchers warn that although chocolate is good for you，it should be eatenin small quantities and with no added milk．

　　41．Why is chocolate good for heaa and circulation?

　　A．It reduces pain and stress．

　　B．It containS substances called flavonoids．

　　C．It releases endorphins in human body．

　　D．It acts like aspirin to protect heart．

　　42．When cocoa was first introduced to Europe_________，it soon became fashionable．

　　A．a(chǎn)s a drink

　　B．a(chǎn)s a gift

　　C．a(chǎn)s food

　　D．a(chǎn)s a medicine

　　43．What does James Bakers and John Hanan do about chocolate?

　　A．They produce the first mild chocolate．

　　B．They introduce chocolate to Europe．

　　C．They add sugar to make chocolate bars．

　　D.They make chocolate accessible to average man．

　　44．Which is the following statement is not true according to the passage?

　　A．Chocolate contains substances that make people feel happy．

　　B．Chocolate is good for health if it is eaten with added milk．

　　C．Eating chocolate occasionally contributes to a healthy diet．

　　D．Chocolate is loved by millions of people worldwide．

　　45．What iS the author's tone about eating chocolates?

　　A．a(chǎn)mbiguous

　　B．negative

　　C．positive

　　D．humorous

　　第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)

　　下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。

　　I Just Know How You Feel

　　Do you feel sad?Happy?Frustrated?Insouciant?Exonerated?Infuriated?Do you think that the way you display these emotions is unique?Well，think again．Even the expression of the most personal feelings CaB be divided into groups，classified，and perhaps，taught．This week sees the publication of Mind Reading，an interactive DVD-rom displaying every possible human emotion．It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel：the first visual dictionary of the human heart．

　　The attempt to classify the human heart began with Darwin．His The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals，published in 1872，divided the emotions into six types-anger，fear，sadness， disgust，surprise and enjoyment．________(46)．

　　Every other feeling，of which there may be thousands，was thought to derive from this six-strong group．More complex expressions of emotion were likely to be learned and therefore more specific to each culture．An incredulous or indignant Pacific islander might not be able to show an Essex girl exactly how she felt．

　　But now it is believed that，whereas gestures do not cross cultural boundaries well，many more facial expressions than Darwin's half-dozen are shared worldwide．___________(47)．The Mind Reading is a systematic record of each of these expressions being acted out．

　　The project was conceived by Professor Simon Baron-Cohen of the autism research centre in Cambridge as an aid for people with autism，who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotion．But it quickly became apparent that it had broader uses．Novelists，actors and portrait painters all need to draw upon a wide range of emotional expression，and teachers could use it for classes in personal and social development．

　　Baron-Cohen's team first had to decide what counted as an emotion．________(48)．Using thisdefinition，1，512 emotion terms were identified and put to a panel who had to decide if each repre． sented a separate emotion，or if they were synonyms．That list was whittled down to 412，arranged in24 groups．from"afraid"to"wanting"．

　　Once the emotions were classified．a(chǎn) DVD seemed the most efficient way to display them．In Mind Reading，each expressions is acted out-six times，by six different actors-in three seconds．

　　_______(49)．The explanation for this is simple：we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words，but we instantly recognize one when we see it on someone's face．"It was really clear when the actors had got it right，"says Cathy Collis，who directed the DVD．

　　BUt though we find it difficult to describe many emotions，we instantly recognize one when we see one．"Even when the actors were strnggling to get an emotion，there was a split second when it was absolutely there．It was really clear when they'd got it，"Cathy Collis，who directed the DVD． "Although the actors were given some direction，they were not told which facial muscle they should move．"She added__________(50)For example，when someone feels contempt，you can't say for certain that their eyebrows always go down．

　　Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American Professor Paul Ekman．who has built a database of how the face moves for every emotion．The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called"action units"．These can be combined into more than 10．000 visible facial shapes．Ekman has written out a paper of facial muscular movements to represent each emotion．

　　A．We thought of trying to describe each emotion but it would have been almost impossible tomake clear rules for this

　　B．These particular muscles aye difficult to control，and few people can do it．

　　C．Research has also been done to find out which areas of the brain read the emotional expressions．

　　D．They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by"I feel"or"he looks"or "she sounds"．

　　E．He said that the expression of theses feelings aye universal and recognizable by anyone，from any culture．

　　F．Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions，such as words，would have been far less efiective．

　　第6部分：完形填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)

　　下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。

　　Obtaining Drinking Water from Air Humidity

　　Not a plant to be seen，the desert ground is too dry．But the air contains water，and research scientists have found a_________(51)of obtaining drinking water from air humidity．The system isbased completely on renewable energy and is therefore autonomous．

　　Cracks permeate the dried-out desert ground and the landscape bears testimony to the lack of water．But even here，where there are no lakes，rivers or groundwater，considerable quantities of water are stored in the air．In the Negev desert in Israel，for example，annual average relative air hu-midity is 64 percent-in every cubic meter of air there aye 11．5 milliliters of water．

　　German research scientists have found a way of converting this air humidity autonomously intodrinkable water．"The process we have developed is based exclusively on renewable energy sources_______(52)thermal solar collectors and photovoltaic ceils，_________(53)makes this methodcompletely energy-autonomous．It will_______(54)function in regions where there is no electricalinfrastructure．"says Siegfried Egner，head of the research team．The principle of the_______ (55)is as follows：hygroscopic brine-saline solution which absorbs moistureruns down a tower-shapedunit and absorbs water from the air．It is then sucked_________(56)a tank a few meters off the ground in which a vacuum prevails．Energy from solar collectors_________(57)up the brine，whichis diluted by the water it has________(58).

　　Because of the vacuum，the boiling point of the liquid is lower thaa it would be under_____ (59)atmospheric pressure．This effect is known from the mountains：as the atmospheric pressure there is lower than in the valley，water boils at temperatures distinctly below 100~C．The evaporated， non-saline water is condensed and runs down through a completely filled tube in a controlled manner．The gravity of this water column_________(60)produces the vacuum and so a vacuum pump is not needed.The reconcentrated brine________(61)down the tower surface again to absorb moisture from the air．

　　"The concept is suitable for various water_________(62)．Single-person units and plants supplying water to entire hotels are conceivable，"says Egner．Prototypes have been built for______

　　(63)system components-air moisture absorption and vacuum evaporation-and the research scientistshave Mready________(64)their interplay on a laboratory scale．In a further________(65)the researchers intend to develop a demonstration facility．

　　51．A．road B．channel C．way D．path

　　52．A．in spite of B．because of C．a(chǎn)s a result of D．such as

　　53．A．who B．where C．when D．which

　　54．A．meanwhile B．therefore C．however D．still

　　55．A．prospect B．process C．progress D．product

　　56．A．from B．a(chǎn)t C．a(chǎn)bove D．into

　　57．A．keeps B．brings C．breaks D．heats

　　58．A．a(chǎn)ttracted B．a(chǎn)ffected C．a(chǎn)llowed D．a(chǎn)bsorbed

　　59．A．normal B．different C．easy D．a(chǎn)vailable

　　60．A．continuously B．suddenly C．typically D．seriously

　　61．A．takes B．puts C．flies D．runs

　　62．A．users B．designers C．owner D．workers

　　63．A．both B．every C．same D．either

　　64．A．repaired B．cancelled C．tested D．copied

　　65．A．instrument B．step C．case D．ground

　　2010年全國職稱英語理工類（A級）考試參考答案

　　第l部分：詞匯選項

　　1． A [解析]我不能忍受鄰居的噪音，那快讓我瘋了。put up with：忍受；和A．tolerate意思相近，例如：The school cannot tolerate cheating on exams．學(xué)校無法容忍考試作弊現(xiàn)象。

　　B．generate產(chǎn)生。C．reduce：減少，縮��；例如：They have to reduce expenses this year．他們今年必須削減開支。D．measure：測量，估計；例如：We cannot measure a man by his failures．我們不能以失敗來衡量一個人。

　　2． D [解析]社會工作者對獨居老人的定期訪問很有價值。immense：巨大的，較好的；A．equal：平等的，用法為be equal to；B．immediate：立即的，直接的；例如：He demanded' immediate payment．他要求立即付款。C．moderate：適度的，中等的；例如：It is a large house，but the garden is of moderate size．那是一棟大房子，可是花園卻只有一般的大小。D．great：巨大的，符合題意，例如：He achieved great success in his career．他的事業(yè)取得了巨大的成功。

　　3． B [解析]他對自己沒有完成學(xué)業(yè)的原因相當(dāng)糊涂。vague：含糊的，不明確的，它和B．unclear意思相同，例如：It was still unclear what the cause of the aircrash was．那起空難的原因還不清楚。A．bright：聰明的，光明的；例如：We enjoyed the bright sunshine．我們享受明媚的陽光。C．general：一般的，大體的；例如：the general trend of development發(fā)展的大趨勢。D．bad：糟糕的，壞的；You have to correct your bad habits radically．你必須徹底地改正自己的壞習(xí)慣。

　　4． D[解析]我想給我的孩子們提供良好的教育。decent：相當(dāng)好的，體面的；更多的用法有：decent income可觀的收入；decent meal像樣的飯；decent cloth體面的服裝；D．good和它意思相同。A．special：特別的；This is a special occasion．這是一個特殊的場合。B．ptovate：私人的，隱私的；例如：Fans are always CUrious about the singer's private life。歌迷總對歌星的私人生活感興趣。C．general：普遍的 ；如：the general public普通大眾。

　　5． B 【解析]陡峭的樓梯對老年人特別危險。hazard和B．danger意思相同，表示危險的：A．picture：圖片，圖畫。How do you like his picture?你喜歡他的圖畫嗎?C．evidence：證據(jù)，跡象；例如：There is no evidence that there will be an earthquake there．沒有跡象表明那個地區(qū)會發(fā)生地震。D．case：情況；如：Is that the case?是這樣的情況嗎?

　　6． D[解析]我們的安排被弄得一團(tuán)糟。turmoil：混亂，騷動；D．confusion：混亂，困惑：例如：The conference ended in confusion．會議在混亂中結(jié)束。A．doubt：懷疑，疑惑；例如：I doubt his competence to do the work．我懷疑他是否有能力做那件工作。B．relief：減除，救濟(jì)；例如：refief fund for the earthquake in Yushu district玉樹地區(qū)的地震救濟(jì)金。

　　7． C [解析]Patricia生氣的瞪著其他的女孩。resentment憤恨；如：He shows no resent．ment to anyone．他不怨恨任何人。C．a(chǎn)nger憤怒；最符合題意。如：I cannot control my anger．我無法控制自己的憤怒。A．love愛；如：Love conquers a11．愛能戰(zhàn)勝一切。B．surprise驚奇；如：What a pleasant surprise!多驚喜的事情呀!D．doubt懷疑；如：There is no doubt that we willbe successful．毫無疑問我們會成功。

　　8． A [解析]你的狗每天至少需要20分鐘充沛的運動。vigorous：精力充沛的：A．en．crgetic和它意思相同，表示有活力的，精力充沛的；例如：He is an energetic man．Everyday heworks until midnight．他是個精力旺盛的人，每天都工作到半夜。B．free：自由的。C．physi．cal：體力的，身體的；例如：to do physical exercise鍛煉身體。D．regular：定期的，正式的；如：He has no regular work．他沒有正式的工作。

　　9． C [解析]我很喜歡那個游戲--它有巧妙的情節(jié)和有趣的對話。B．original：原始的，原創(chuàng)的；例如：He can read Shakespeare in the original．他能讀莎士比亞作品的原文。A． boring：乏味的，無聊的；C．humorous：幽默的，滑稽的；例如：Indeed he has a solemn face，buthe is very humorous at heart．他的確有一副嚴(yán)厲的臉孔，但內(nèi)心卻很富幽默感。D．long：長的。

　　10．A[解析]低稅收將刺激投資，幫助經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。spur：鞭策，激勵；C．encourage和spur意思相同，鼓舞，鼓勵；例如：New measures have been taken to encourage consumption in China．中國采取了新的舉措來刺激消費。A．a(chǎn)ttract：吸引；例如：His film has attracted a large audience．他的電影吸引了很多的觀眾。B．spend：花費；如：She spent the whole month to prepare for the examination．她用一個月的時間準(zhǔn)備考試。D．require：要求：如：This is the minimum quantity we require．這是我們所要求的最小數(shù)量。

　　11．B [解析]他在幾分鐘內(nèi)就駁倒了我的觀點。demolish：推翻，駁倒；B．disprove：反駁；與demolish意思最接近。例如：It is nearly impossible to disprove a rumor．要辟謠幾乎是不可能的。A．support：支持，扶持；如：1 will always support you whatever you do．不論你做什么，我都會支持你。C．dispute：辯論，懷疑；例如：We disputed with each other on various issues．我們?yōu)楦鞣N問題互相爭論。D．a(chǎn)ccept：接受。

　　12．D [解析]兩家銀行已宣布了在明年合并的計劃。merge：合并，兼并；D．combine：使結(jié)合，使聯(lián)合，和merge意思接近；如：to combine theory with practice理論聯(lián)系實際；A．close：停止，關(guān)閉；如：to close an account關(guān)閉一個(銀行)賬戶。B．sell：賣，出售。C．break：打破，折斷；例如：The old man broke a tooth on a bone．這老人咬骨頭把一顆牙折斷了。

　　13．A [解析]她的父親是一位舉止優(yōu)雅安靜的人。graceful"：典雅的，有禮貌的；A．polite：有禮貌的，文雅的，和graceful意思接近；例如：He is always polite to people．他總是對人很有禮貌。B．usual：通常的；如：The child went to school as usual．這孩子像往常一樣上學(xué)去了。C．bad：糟糕的，壞的；例如：a bad idea壞主意。D．similar；相似的，類似的；例如：The project in All,ca hassimilar goals．在非洲的計劃有類似的目的。

　　14．A[解析]這個項目需要10年的刻苦鉆研。diligent：勤勉的，勤奮的；A．hardwork．ing：刻苦的，努力的，與diligent意思相近；例如：His Success depend on his hardworking and pa． tience．他的成功全靠他的辛勤與耐心。B．social：社會的；例如：good social order良好的社會秩序。C．basic：基本的，基礎(chǔ)的；例如：My boss can speak some basic English．我的老板能說一些基礎(chǔ)英語。D．scientific：科學(xué)的；例如：scientific development科學(xué)發(fā)展。

　　15．B [解析]他被關(guān)押在條件惡劣的監(jiān)獄里。appalling：可怕的，令人震驚的；B．terrible：可怕的，最接近題意。A．necessary：必要的，必須的；例如：We still lack the necessary information．我們?nèi)匀鄙俦匾�的信息。C．critical：危險的，愛挑剔的；例如：He is very critical aboutf00d．他對食物特別挑剔。D．normal：正常的；例如：It is normal to feel lonely sometimes．偶爾會覺得寂寞是很正常的。

　　第2部分：閱讀判斷

　　16．A[解析]本題給出的信息是正確的，文章第一段中提到"ofpower beamed down from s01ar-power satellites beginning in 2016"說明太陽能衛(wèi)星會使用無線電波從太空發(fā)射能量光束。

　　17．C [解析]文章沒有談到這方面的信息，文章在第一段中提到200這個數(shù)字是關(guān)于"Ihe Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatt(兆瓦)of power beamed down from solarpower satellites beginning in 2016"：從2016年起，太平洋天然氣和電力公司將購買200兆瓦的從太陽能電站的衛(wèi)星上發(fā)送來的電力。

　　18．B[解析]本題給出的信息是錯誤的。文章在第三段末尾提到："在地球上的太陽能電池只能在白天且無云的時候收集陽光。"

　　19．B [解析]本題給出的信息是錯誤的。從文章第四段"But space-based solar power must grapple(努力克服)with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space"：但在太空的太陽能工廠必須努力克服的問題是：向太空發(fā)射每一公斤的物品都要付出高昂代價，即成本高的問題。

　　20．A[解析]本題給出的信息是正確的，從文章第五段"A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system's weight"我們知道這家公司的一項專利說明了降低此系統(tǒng)重量的多種方法。

　　21．B [解析]本題給出的信息是錯誤的。從文章最后一段"it is not expecting to crowd out other forms 0f renewable energy"我們知道它(從太空中獲得的太陽能)并不會擠掉其他形式的可再生能源。

　　22．C [解析]文章沒有談到這方面的信息。文章主要圍繞美國，尤其是加州來說，并沒有提到其他國家的情況。

　　參考譯文

　　加利福尼亞州批準(zhǔn)空間太陽能電站

　　使用從太空照下的能源已經(jīng)離現(xiàn)實近在咫尺了，因為加利福尼亞州已經(jīng)以協(xié)議的形式批準(zhǔn)了。協(xié)議規(guī)定：從2016年起，太平洋天然氣和電力公司將購買200兆瓦的從太陽能電站的衛(wèi)星上發(fā)送來的電力。但這項技術(shù)要廣泛使用，仍有一些挑戰(zhàn)需要克服。

　　發(fā)出這一設(shè)想的公司Solaren正在設(shè)計一顆衛(wèi)星。公司稱這顆衛(wèi)星將會使用無線電波將能源發(fā)送到地球上的接收站。

　　在太空收集太陽能這一設(shè)想的吸引人之處在于它是目前在地球同步軌道上收集陽光受阻礙最少的方式。與此截然不同的是，在地球上的太陽能電池只能在白天且無云的時候收集陽光。

　　但在太空的太陽能工廠必須努力克服的問題是：向太空發(fā)射一公斤的物品都要付出高昂代價。印第安納州普渡大學(xué)拉法葉校區(qū)的Richarci Scllwartz說："如果你要說的是讓這一設(shè)想從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度上可行，從而供應(yīng)地球能量，這是一條很艱難的道路。"

　　Solaren公司的能源服務(wù)部門的經(jīng)理Cal Boerman說公司設(shè)計這一衛(wèi)星時已考慮到將發(fā)射成本降低。他說："我們知道我們必須想出一個與眾不同的，有革新意義的設(shè)計。"這家公司的一項專利說明了降低此系統(tǒng)重量的多種方法，包括使用可充氣的鏡子向太陽能電池板聚焦，這樣利用較少的太陽能電池板就可以收集到等量的能量。

　　但使用鏡子又帶來了其他問題，包括防止太陽能電池板過熱，Sclawartz提出。"你必須處理好熱量散發(fā)的問題，因為你將很多能量聚集在一個地方。"他說。按照該公司的專利書描述．Solaren公司的太陽能電池板會被連接到散熱板上使其保持冷卻。

　　盡管Boerman說這家公司相信它能制造建立在太空中的太陽能發(fā)電廠，但它并不會擠掉其他形式的可再生能源。加利福尼亞州的法律以及其他州的法律要求在未來幾年增加對可再生能源的利用。他指出："為了滿足這些需要，我們需要使用各種可再生能源。"

　　第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

　　23．A [解析]本題考查的是對所讀材料大意與主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是天然氣被廣泛應(yīng)用以及天然氣的各種用途。

　　24．D [解析]本題考查的是對所讀材料大意與主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是天然氣是現(xiàn)有能源中最安全和最干凈的。

　　25．F[解析]本題考查的是對所讀材料大意與主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是美國消費天然氣的情況。

　　26．B [解析]本題考查的是對所讀材料大意與主旨的掌握。本段的中心意思是世界上天然氣的儲存和供應(yīng)情況。

　　27．B [解析]本題考查的是對闡述文章的主旨事實與細(xì)節(jié)的了解。依據(jù)是第一段的第一句話"Natural gas is produceci from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface．"

　　28．F[解析]本題考查的是對闡述文章的主旨事實與細(xì)節(jié)的了解。依據(jù)是第二段的第四句話"In fact，natural gas is the most economical source for home energy neecls，costing one-thirdas much as electricity．"

　　29．E [解析]本題考查的是對闡述文章的主旨事實與細(xì)節(jié)的了解。依據(jù)是第二段的第五句話"In addition to Ileating Jaomes，much of the gas useci in the United States is Hse(1 as a rawmaterial to manufacture a wide vatiety of products，from paint，to fil3ers for clothing，to plastics for healthcaare，computing and fllmishings．"

　　30．C [解析]本題考查的是對闡述文章的主旨事實與細(xì)節(jié)的了解。依據(jù)是第四段的最后一句話"The U．S．Department of Energy's：Energy Information Administration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50。percent by 2025．"

　　參考譯文

　　天然氣天然氣深藏在地球表面下方，它屬于礦物燃料，由埋藏在地球上上百萬年前的有機(jī)物生成。它的主要成分是甲烷。

　　過去50多年，隨著管道基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè)將氣體便利、經(jīng)濟(jì)地輸送到世界各地的居住區(qū)、商業(yè)區(qū)和工業(yè)區(qū)用戶，天然氣的受歡迎程度和利用程度便迅速增長。如今全美50個州都有天然氣服務(wù)，并且天然氣成為美國家用燃料和工業(yè)使用燃料的首選。有超過6500萬的美國家庭使用天然氣。事實上，天然氣是最經(jīng)濟(jì)的家庭能源需求，其費用是電的三分之一。除了家庭取暖外，在美國，天然氣還被用作油漆、服裝纖維、保健用塑料制品、計算設(shè)備和家具等多種產(chǎn)品的原材料，其也被用在許多新的發(fā)電廠。

　　天然氣是現(xiàn)有能源中最安全和最干凈的。它釋放的污染小于其他礦物燃料。天然氣燃燒時主要產(chǎn)生二氧化碳和水蒸汽--與人呼吸產(chǎn)生的物質(zhì)相同。與其他礦物燃料相比，天然氣燃燒時釋放到空氣中的二氧化碳最少，因此它是最潔凈的礦物燃料。

　　美國消費世界天然氣總產(chǎn)量的三分之一，是世界上最大的天然氣消費地區(qū)。美國能源部的能源信息行政部預(yù)計到2025年，天然氣的需求將會超過50％。

　　地表下面儲存有大量的天然氣。在俄羅斯、西非、北非和中東地區(qū)，天然氣的儲存量最大。

　　過去的40多年。美國除了自己生產(chǎn)液化氣外，還進(jìn)口液化氣�，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)口液化氣的國家主要有日本、韓國、法國和西班牙。

　　第4部分：閱讀理解

　　第一篇

　　31．A [解析]本題是細(xì)節(jié)考查題。題目是：根據(jù)前兩段，宇宙的早期_________。原文是 "宇宙最初的構(gòu)成同今天的有所不同，而宇宙早期的主要物理現(xiàn)象也比較簡單。"選項A"主要物理現(xiàn)象也比較簡單"；選項B"在其中閃爍的星星更少"；選項C"開始于130億年前"；選項D"和今天(宇宙)的構(gòu)成方式相似"。因此只能選A。

　　32．D［解析］本題是細(xì)節(jié)考查題。題目問：這臺最先進(jìn)的電腦模擬系統(tǒng)告訴我們什么? 原文是"現(xiàn)在一種最先進(jìn)的電腦模擬系統(tǒng)可以提供宇宙中最初的星辰產(chǎn)生的最詳細(xì)的圖片。" 選項A"130億年前宇宙大爆炸是如何發(fā)生的"；選項B"宇宙黑暗時代是如何形成的"；選項C "在大爆炸后宇宙微塵和氣體是如何形成的"；選項D"在大爆炸后宇宙最初的星辰是如何形成的"。因此只能選D。

　　33．C[解析]本題是細(xì)節(jié)考查題。原文是"這一時期有時也被稱為'宇宙的黑暗時代'，模擬了最終在夜空中閃耀的天體的形成過程。"選項A"宇宙的黑暗時代"；選項B"微塵和氣體"；選項C"原恒星"；選項D"宇宙早期"。因此只能選C。

　　34．A [解析]本題是細(xì)節(jié)考查題。題目問：根據(jù)第四段，如下關(guān)于原星辰的說法哪個不正確?原文第四段中提到了B、C、D的內(nèi)容，而提到A的相關(guān)內(nèi)容時原文是說"after the Big Bang"，在大爆炸之后。因此只能選A。選項A"在宇宙大爆炸中成為大恒星"；選項B"組成早期星辰的氣體"；選項C"在形成巨大星體時能夠合成重元素"；選項D"只有太陽百分之一大"。

　　35．B[解析]本題是細(xì)節(jié)考查題。題目問：根據(jù)最后一段，如下哪個不是此模擬工程的目的?原文最后一段作為此項工程的目的提及了A、C、D選項所述內(nèi)容，而B只是手段，而非目的。所以只能選B。選項A"更多的了解宇宙最初的星辰的體積和屬性"；選項B"模擬宇宙早期的形成過程"；選項C"將模擬結(jié)果應(yīng)用于核反應(yīng)的初期階段"；選項D"發(fā)現(xiàn)原星辰形成的真相"。

　　參考譯文

　　宇宙中最初的星辰是如何產(chǎn)生的?

　　多年來，最初的星辰是如何由塵埃和氣體組成的問題一直困擾著人們，然而專家們說，現(xiàn)在一種最先進(jìn)的電腦模擬系統(tǒng)可以提供宇宙中最初的星辰是如何產(chǎn)生的最詳細(xì)的圖片。

　　宇宙最初的構(gòu)成同今天的有所不同，而且宇宙早期的主要物理現(xiàn)象也比較簡單。Naoki'Yoshida博士同他在日本和美國的同事一起整合了宇宙早期的各種情況，這一時期有時也被稱為"宇宙的黑暗時代"，模擬了最終在夜空中閃耀的天體的形成過程。

　　這一研究的結(jié)果是對原恒星--宇宙中巨大的原始星辰的早期階段形成的詳細(xì)的描述并且有"宇宙的羅塞達(dá)石碑"之稱的研究人員的電腦模擬系統(tǒng)，為進(jìn)一步研究星體的形成過程奠定了基礎(chǔ)。宇宙中最初的星辰是如何形成的問題非常重要，因為它們的形成及最終的爆炸為隨后的星體的形成提供了種子。

　　根據(jù)研究人員的模擬系統(tǒng)，重力對物質(zhì)、氣體及宇宙大爆炸后形成的神秘的"黑暗物質(zhì)" 的密度的微小變化產(chǎn)生了影響，從而形成了星辰的雛形--僅有太陽百分之一大的原恒星。

　　模擬系統(tǒng)為我們展示了組成早期星辰的氣體是如何在早期宇宙簡單的物理作用下演化形成了原恒星。Yoshida博士的模擬系統(tǒng)還展示了原恒星可能會在宇宙大爆炸剛剛結(jié)束就演化成能夠合成重元素的巨大的星體，而不是幾代以后的星體才能合成。

　　哈佛大學(xué)天文學(xué)教授同時也是這項報告的合作者Lars Hernquist談到："星體形成的總圖和對比宇宙不同時期和區(qū)域星體如何形成的能力將最終讓我們能夠探索生命和星球的起源。

　　隨著星體越來越多，宇宙中的各種元素更加充裕，而且星體的形成和毀滅繼續(xù)將這些元素傳播到宇宙的更深處。所以你想想我們身體的所有元素最初都形成于很久以前星體中心的核反應(yīng)。"

　　對宇宙早期原恒星誕生的模擬意味著向拼接原始星體形成過程和預(yù)測宇宙中最初的星辰的質(zhì)量和性質(zhì)的宏偉目標(biāo)邁出了關(guān)鍵的一步。要進(jìn)行更進(jìn)一步的計算和模擬就需要功能更強(qiáng)的電腦，更多的物理數(shù)據(jù)，甚至更廣的研究范圍，但是研究者希望最終能將這個模擬結(jié)果應(yīng)用于核反應(yīng)初期--也就是當(dāng)一個星狀物質(zhì)變成真正的星辰的時候。

　　德克薩斯州立大學(xué)天文學(xué)助理教授，一篇相關(guān)論文的作者Volker Bromm說："Yoshida博士已經(jīng)用這個模擬系統(tǒng)把對原始星體形成的研究推到了一個新的水平，但是這離我們最終的目標(biāo)還很遠(yuǎn)。這就像是躺在摩天大樓的地基上。我們必須繼續(xù)在這一領(lǐng)域的研究，從而了解最初的原恒星是如何一層一層長大并最終成為一顆巨大星體的。但是現(xiàn)在，物理現(xiàn)象越來越復(fù)雜，而且我們還需要更多的計算資源。"

　　第二篇

　　36．C[解析]本題是細(xì)節(jié)考查題。冰人尸體被發(fā)現(xiàn)的原因在文章的第一段提到。原文是："但是1991年是特別暖的一年，山上的冰比從前消融的更快，因此尸體才顯露出來。"選項A"他躺在冰上"；選項B"兩個德國人正在爬山"；選項C"融化的冰將他暴露出來"；選項D "他剛好在一個山口上"。因此只能選C。

　　37．B[解析]本題是閱讀理解能力考查題。原題是：能從第二段推斷出的是以下哪項? 選項B"冰人有可能死于頭部傷口"；選項D"冰人背后受襲擊而致死"；選項A"冰人工作時被殺害"；選項c"冰人生活貧困"。原文是"它面朝下，除了頭部有傷外，骨架狀況很好"，僅就此推斷。冰人可能死于頭部傷。因此答案是B。

　　38．B [解析]本題是細(xì)節(jié)考查題。原題是：下列哪項不屬于人們對冰人作出的種種猜測?原文在第三段。選項A"他是一戰(zhàn)時期的士兵"；選項B"他來自意大利"在文章中沒有出現(xiàn)：選項C"他是一位瑞士婦女失蹤多年的父親"；選項D"他大約一千年前出生"。因此答案是B。

　　39．B[解析]本題是細(xì)節(jié)考查題。原題是：科學(xué)家對冰人的推論是什么?原文在第四段。選項A"他的肩膀被箭頭刺傷"是事實而非推論；選項B"有可能參與過戰(zhàn)斗"是推論；選項C"頭后部有傷口"是事實而非推論；選項D"皮膚上的小孔導(dǎo)致他的死亡"不符合事實。因此只能選B。

　　40．A[解析]本題是閱讀理解能力考察題。第四段"bandits"是什么意思?選項A"強(qiáng)盜"：選項B"士兵"；選項C"獵人"；選項D"射擊手"。因此只能選A。

　　參考譯文

　　冰人1991年9月的一天，兩位德國人正在攀登位于奧地利和意大利之間的山脈。他們在一個高處山口發(fā)現(xiàn)了一具躺在冰上的尸體。冰在這樣的高度(10499英尺或3200米)通常是常年不化的．但是1991年是特別暖和的一年，山上的冰比從前消融的更快，因此尸體才顯露出來。

　　尸體面朝下躺著，除了頭部有傷外，骨架狀況很好，有殘余的衣物。尸體雙手仍然握著斧頭的木柄。雙腳穿著用皮革和布料做的靴子。在尸體附近有一雙樹皮做的手套和一個箭筒。

　　他是誰?在什么時候又是怎樣死去的呢?人們的解釋各異。有人認(rèn)為他是本世紀(jì)的人，

　　有可能是二戰(zhàn)時期陣亡的士兵，因為在這附近已經(jīng)有士兵被發(fā)現(xiàn)了。一位瑞士婦女相信他是自己20年前在此去世的父親，父親的遺體一直沒有被找到。趕去查看的科學(xué)家認(rèn)為這一尸體可能更久遠(yuǎn)，它甚至有1000歲了。

　　科學(xué)家們運用現(xiàn)代數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)很快獲悉這一冰人已有大約5300歲了。他大約出生在公元前3300年，生活在歐洲的青銅器時代。起初科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為他有可能在高山間打獵時發(fā)生意外而身亡。然而最近的一些證據(jù)卻顯示另有原因。新型的x光表明他的肩膀上仍有一個箭頭，

　　皮膚上只有一個小孔，但卻導(dǎo)致內(nèi)部損傷和失血。幾乎可以確定他死于這個傷口，而不是腦后的傷口。這說明他有可能參與過戰(zhàn)爭。有可能是大型戰(zhàn)爭的一部分或者他曾和強(qiáng)盜博斗過，甚至他本人就可能是強(qiáng)盜。

　　通過研究他的衣服和工具，科學(xué)家們就已經(jīng)獲悉冰人生活的時代的很多內(nèi)容。我們有可能永遠(yuǎn)無法知道他死亡的真相，但是他給我們提供了了解那個遠(yuǎn)古時代的重要線索。

　　第三篇

　　41．B[解析]本題是細(xì)節(jié)考查題。原題是：為什么巧克力對心臟和血液循環(huán)有益。原文是："巧克力中含有一種叫類黃酮的物質(zhì)，它能維護(hù)心臟的健康并促進(jìn)血液循環(huán)。"選項A"它可以減少痛苦和壓力"；選項B"它含有一種叫做類黃酮的物質(zhì)"；選項C"它在人體內(nèi)釋放內(nèi)啡肽"；選項D"它能起到像阿司匹林一樣的保護(hù)心臟的作用"。因此只能選B。

　　42．B [解析]本題是細(xì)節(jié)考查題。原題是：可可第一次作為什么被引入歐洲并迅速流行起來?原文是："1544年，一個瑪雅貴族代表團(tuán)覲見西班牙國王菲利普時送給他一罐可可作為禮物。"選項A"作為一種飲料"；選項B"作為禮物"；選項C"作為食品"；選項D"作為一種藥"。因此只能選B。

　　43．D [解析]本題是細(xì)節(jié)考查題。原題是：那件事是James Baker和John Hanan做的有關(guān)巧克力的事。原文是："1765年，James Baker和and J0hn Hanan在美國開辦了第一個巧克力作坊，將巧克力介紹給了普通人。"選項B"將巧克力引入歐洲"；選項C"他們給巧克力棒加入糖"；選項D"他們使普通人也能吃到巧克力"；選項A"他們制造了第一塊口味柔和的巧克力"。因此只能選D。

　　44．B [解析]本題是細(xì)節(jié)考查題。原題是：根據(jù)文章所述，如下哪個說法是不正確的? 原文是："研究者們警告雖然巧克力對我們有好處，但應(yīng)該少量食用而且不應(yīng)另加奶。"選項A "巧克力含有讓人感到快樂的物質(zhì)"；選項B"吃加糖的巧克力對身體有利"；選項c"偶爾吃巧克力對身體有益"；選項D"巧克力為全世界成百上千萬的人們所喜愛"。因此只能選B。

　　45．C [解析]本題是閱讀理解能力考查題。原題是：作者對于吃巧克力的語氣是什么樣的?選項A"模棱兩可的"；選項B"否定的"；選項C"肯定的"；選項D"幽默的"。從題目和文中總體內(nèi)容可見，這篇文章說明吃巧克力的好處，雖然在后面提出吃巧克力時的注意事項但不影響作者肯定的語氣，因此只能選C。

　　參考譯文

　　科學(xué)家的"甜蜜發(fā)現(xiàn)''

　　巧克力迷們的好消息：據(jù)加州大學(xué)的研究者稱深受全世界成千上萬人喜愛的巧克力對健康很有好處，因為巧克力中合有一種叫類黃酮的物質(zhì)，它能維護(hù)心臟的健康并促進(jìn)血液循環(huán)。

　　研究者們還發(fā)現(xiàn)可可會像阿司匹林一樣，會在體內(nèi)釋放內(nèi)啡肽：這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)可以有效緩解疼痛和壓力，讓你感到諭快。在大約公元前1500年，居住在墨西哥和中關(guān)洲的奧爾梅克人首次開始種植可可豆，并且在可可風(fēng)靡歐洲之前瑪雅人已經(jīng)飲用無糖可可好幾百年了。

　　1544年，一個瑪雅貴族代表團(tuán)覲見西班牙國王菲利普時送給他一罐可可作為禮物。很快，可可便在西班牙和葡萄牙流行起來，西班牙人最早在他們的可可飲料里加糖。

　　到了世紀(jì)中葉，固體可可開始為人們所熟知。1765年，James Baker和John Harian在美國開辦了第一個巧克力作坊，將巧克力介紹給了普通人。1896年，瑞士的Daniel Peter想出了在巧克力制作過程中加牛奶的點子，并生產(chǎn)出了第一塊牛奶巧克力。

　　從此，巧克力變得越來越受人們歡迎。巧克力的最大消費國之一是英國。那里的普通人，不論男女還是孩子每年都要吃9公斤的巧克力。實際上，巧克力是頂級的撫慰食品，并且英國是全世界巧克力迷最多的國家。研究者們警告雖然巧克力對我們有好處，但應(yīng)該少量食用而且不應(yīng)另加牛奶。

　　第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文

　　46．E [解析]He said tlmt t'tlis expression of feeling is universal ancl：recognizable by anyone from any culture．他說這種感情的表達(dá)普遍存在，可以在任何人和任何文化中找到。上一句列舉了六種表情，而this正是指以上的感情的表達(dá)。

　　47．C [解析]Research has also been done t0 find out which areas of brain reacll the emotion-al expressions．人們做了研究以期發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦的哪個區(qū)域讀取表情。該題考察上下文之間的意義關(guān)系,這與后文對于頭腦閱讀的內(nèi)容從意義上講是一脈相承的。

　　48．D [解析]They decicled that it was a mental state that COUld be prececled by"I feel"or "he looks"or"she souncls"．他們認(rèn)定情感是一種心理狀態(tài)，常以"我覺得""他認(rèn)為""她聽起來"開頭，這與前文要定義"情感"和后文"按照這種界定方式"相符合。

　　49．F [解析]Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions SUCh as words would Jaavebeen far less effective．要展示412種表情，其他任何的方法遠(yuǎn)沒有它有效。文章接下來給出了理由。

　　50．B [解析]These particular muscles are dimcult to control，an(1 feW people can do it．這些特殊的肌肉很難控制，少數(shù)人才能做到這一點。該句前面講到面部肌肉的控制，因此，選B。

　　參考譯文

　　我懂你的心你覺得難過，快樂，灰心，漫不經(jīng)心，生氣嗎?你可能認(rèn)為自己表達(dá)這些情感的方式是獨一無二的。哦，再想想吧。即使是最為私密的個人感情也可分類。這周推出的Mindl Reacling(頭腦閱讀儀)，一種可以顯示人類每一種可能的情緒的DVD。這種儀器準(zhǔn)確地展示我們412種不同的表情，它是第一部可以感受人類內(nèi)心活動的可視字典。

　　對于人類表情劃分的嘗試源自于達(dá)爾文1872年出版的《人和動物的情感與表達(dá)》。這本書中將人的表情劃分為六種類型--憤怒、恐懼、悲傷、厭惡、驚喜和快樂。他表示這種感情的表達(dá)普遍存在，可以在任何人和任何文化中找到。其他不同的感覺被認(rèn)為來自于達(dá)爾文的分類。更復(fù)雜的情感表達(dá)或許是后天習(xí)得的，因此在不同的文化中具有自己的特色。一個抱著懷疑或憤怒態(tài)度的太平洋上的島民是無法傳遞給英國埃塞克斯郡的女孩她的感受的。

　　但是現(xiàn)在看來：盡管手勢不能很好的跨越文化的界限，但比達(dá)爾文所說的六類情感更多的面部表情是為人類所共享的。人們做了研究以期發(fā)現(xiàn)大腦的哪個區(qū)域讀取表情。頭腦閱讀是一種系統(tǒng)的視覺表情的記錄。

　　該項目由劍橋大學(xué)自閉癥研究中心的教授simon Baron-Collen構(gòu)想，此中心對自閉癥患者，即在閱讀和表達(dá)情感方面有困難的人，進(jìn)行一種輔助治療。但是很快它有了很多更為廣泛且顯而易見的用途。小說家、演員和肖像畫家都需要利用多種的情感表情，甚至老師們把它應(yīng)用于教授個人和社會發(fā)展知識的課堂。

　　Baron-Colaen和他的研究小組首先定義了"情感"，他們認(rèn)定情感是一種心理狀態(tài)，常以"我覺得""他認(rèn)為""她聽起來"開頭。他們用這種界定方式對1512種情感進(jìn)行了界定，并呈交給一個評審團(tuán)，由他們來決定每種情感是一個單獨的感情還是都屬于同類感情。最終，這個列表減少到412種表情，分成24類，從"害怕"到"希望"。

　　一旦這些情感被定義和歸類，那么DVD似乎就成為最為快捷的展示情感的方式了。在頭腦閱讀中，每種表情都由6個不同的演員在3秒內(nèi)表演出來。要展示412種表情，其他任何的方法遠(yuǎn)沒有這樣有效。原因很簡單：我們很難用語言來形容感情，但是當(dāng)它們出現(xiàn)在某人的臉部時我們會立刻辨認(rèn)出來，"很明顯，演員的表演是到位的。"DVD的導(dǎo)演凱西科利說到。"雖然給了他們一些指示，但并沒有告訴演員他們應(yīng)該動用面部的哪塊肌肉。"科利斯女士補(bǔ)充說。這些特殊的肌肉難以控制，只有少數(shù)人才能做到這一點。例如，當(dāng)有人感到不屑一顧時不能確定他們的眉毛總是向下撇。

　　美國人保羅·埃克曼教授試圖建立這樣的規(guī)則，他曾創(chuàng)建了一個描述表達(dá)每個情感時面部變化的數(shù)據(jù)庫，人的臉部可以做出43種截然不同的叫做"行動單位"的肌肉運動。這些"行動單位"能組合成超過l o000種的可見的面部形態(tài)。�？寺�教授已經(jīng)編寫出面部肌肉的運動模式來代表每個情感。

　　第6部分：完形填空

　　51．c [解析]way方法；A．road；B．chennel；D．path。根據(jù)上下文可知"科研人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種可以從空氣中水分獲取飲用水的方法。"所以選C。

　　52．D [解析]sueh as；A．in spite of盡管；B．13ecause of因為；c．a(chǎn)s a result of作為……結(jié)果。根據(jù)上下文可知"我們開發(fā)的這套工序完全基于諸如太陽能收集器和光生伏打電池的可再生能源"。所以選D。

　　53．D[解析]本題考查的是對非限定性定語從句的掌握，所以選D。

　　54．D [解析]still仍然；A．meanwhile同時；B．tIlerei]are因此；C．bpwever然而；根據(jù)上下文可知"這使得該方法在能量方面完全自主，即使會在沒有電力基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的地方仍可起到作用。"所以選D。

　　55．B [解析]process過程；A．prospect前景；C．progress進(jìn)步；D．product產(chǎn)品。根據(jù)上下文可知"這套工序的原理如下。"所以選B。

　　56．D[解析]本題考查的是短語SUCk into吸入，所以選D。

　　57．D [解析]lmats加熱；A。keeps保持；B。brings帶來；c．breaks打破。根據(jù)上下文可知"來自于太陽能收集器的能量將鹽水加熱，這樣鹽水就會稀釋它所吸收的水。"所以選D。

　　58．D [解析]aI)sorbed吸收；A．a(chǎn)ttracted吸引；B．a(chǎn)ffecteted影響；c．a(chǎn)llowecl允許，原文同上題。所以選D。

　　59．A [解析]normal正常的；B．different不同的；c．easy簡單的；D．a(chǎn)vailable可以獲得的。根據(jù)上下文可知"在真空環(huán)境中，液體的沸點要比在正常大氣壓下的要低。"所以選A。

　　60．A [解析]conti．nuously不間斷地；B．suoldenly 突然地；C．typically典型地；D．seri-ously嚴(yán)重地。根據(jù)上下文可知"水柱的重力持續(xù)制造真空狀態(tài)，所以不需要真空泵。"所以選A。

　　61．D [解析]runs原意為跑，但這里是流動的意思，run down是沿著……流動；A．takes拿；c．flies飛；B．puts放置。根據(jù)上下文可知"二次被濃縮的鹽水會涪著塔狀物再次向下流去吸收空氣中的水。"所以選D。

　　62．A [解析]users用戶；使用者；A．owner 主人，擁有者；B．designers設(shè)計師；D．workers工人。根據(jù)上下文可知"這一理念適用于各種各樣的水的使用者。"所以選A。

　　63．A [解析]both(兩者)都；因為這里是強(qiáng)調(diào)空氣水汽吸收器和真空蒸汽機(jī)兩個機(jī)器之間的作用效果，所以選A。

　　64．c [解析]tested 測試；A．repaired修理；B．cancelled取消；D．copied復(fù)制。根據(jù)上下文可知"科研人員已經(jīng)在實驗室范圍內(nèi)測試了它們的相互作用的效果。"所以選C。

　　65．B [解析]step步驟；A．instrument工具；C．case案例；D．ground 地面。根據(jù)上下文可知"在下一步的研究中，研究者們會開發(fā)出一套用于展示的設(shè)備。"所以選B。

　　參考譯文

　　從空氣濕氣中獲得飲用水

　　沙漠的地面非常干，以至于連植物的影子都沒有。但空氣中卻含有水分。并且，科研人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種可以從空氣的水分中獲取飲用水的方法。這一系統(tǒng)完全基于可再生能源，因此是自主的。

　　崩裂聲彌漫在干涸的沙地上，地面上的景象證明了這里水的缺乏。但即使在這樣一個沒有湖泊、河流、地表水的地方，大量的水就存儲于空氣中。例如，在以色列的內(nèi)蓋夫沙漠，年平均相對空氣濕度是64％--每立方空氣中含有11．5毫升的水。

　　德國科研人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種將空氣中的水氣自動轉(zhuǎn)化為飲用水的方法。該研究小組的組長Siegfried Egner說："我們開發(fā)的這套工序完全基于諸如太陽熱能收集器和光生伏打電池的可再生能源。這使得該方法在能量方面完全自主，即使在沒有電力基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的地方仍可起到作用。"這套工序的原理如下：吸濕鹽水--能夠吸收濕氣的鹽水溶液--沿著一塔狀結(jié)構(gòu)容器下流時在空氣中吸收水分。水被吸到地下幾米深的一個真空水箱中。來自于太陽能收集器的能量將鹽水加熱，這樣鹽水就將會稀釋它所吸收的水。

　　在真空環(huán)境中，液體的沸點要比在正常大氣壓下的要低。這一效果可以在山區(qū)了解到：由于山上的大氣壓比山谷的要低，因此水的沸點明顯低于100攝氏度。這些蒸發(fā)了的、不是鹽水的水被濃縮后沿著一支充滿蒸汽的管子慢慢向下流。水柱的重力持續(xù)制造真空狀態(tài)，所以不需要真空泵。經(jīng)過再次濃縮的鹽水會沿著塔狀物再次向下流去吸收空氣中的水分。

　　Egnerr說："這一理念適用于各類使用水的人群。單人房以及可以為整個賓館供應(yīng)水的工廠都成為可能。"這套系統(tǒng)的兩個構(gòu)件--空氣水汽吸收器和真空蒸汽機(jī)的樣機(jī)已經(jīng)制造出來�？蒲腥藛T也已經(jīng)在實驗室范圍內(nèi)測試了它們相互作用的效果。研究者們計劃在下一步的研究中開發(fā)出一套用于展示的設(shè)備。